유아들의 유머와 친구 관계에 대한 질적 연구
A Qualitative Study on Children's Humor and Friendships
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초록
본 연구는 유치원에서 유아들이 사용하는 유머에 대한 질적 연구이다. 기존의 유머 연구는 대부분 성인이나 초등학교 이상의 학생을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 유머를 사용하기 위해서는 상당히 복잡한 능력이 요구되기 때문에 유아기의 유머는 별 관심을 끌지 못한 것으로 보인다. 국내에서도 몇몇 연구가 이루어졌지만 대부분 통제된 상황에서 이루어진 실험연구였으며 이러한 연구들은 가장 자연스러워야 할 ‘웃음’을 인위적인 상황에서 연구했다는 비판을 받아왔다. 본 연구는 유아들의 유머를 그들의 생활 속에서 연구하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 5세 유아 32명과 1명의 교사로 2003년 9월부터 2004년 2월 사이에 유치원 교실에 대한 참여관찰과 교사와의 심층면담을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 연구결과 유아들은 놀이 속에서 유머를 생산하고 공유하며 즐기고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 유머는 유아들이 우정을 형성하고 유지해 나가는데 중요한 역할을 하고 있었다. 본 연구는 유아들의 유머가 주는 다양한 메시지를 통해 그들의 ‘웃음’이 갖는 교육적 의미에 주목할 것을 제안하고 있다.
Abstract
This is a qualitative research on the humor used by kindergarten children. Previous research on humor focused mainly on adults or students in elementary school or higher grades. Because the use of humor requires quite complicated abilities, preschool children's humor has not drawn much attention. Although there have been a number of relevant studies in Korea, they were mostly carried out under controlled situations and consequently criticized for studying what kind of 'smile,' should be most natural, in an artificial situation. The present study investigates preschool children's humor in their everyday life. Subjects were 32 five-year-old children and a teacher. Participant observation of the children in class and in-depth interviews with the teacher were made from September 2003 to February 2004. The study findings are that preschool children produce, share and enjoy humor as much as adults do. They make intentional efforts to provoke friends to laugh through mimicking a clown, uttering unexpected sayings, engaging in unexpected behaviors and playing word games. In particular, humor plays an important role for children in maintaining their friendships. With an enthusiastic desire to be close to friends by sharing a smile with them, they use humor. Moreover, it was found that humor plays a decisive role in forming play groups. This study gives reason to pay attention to the various messages contained in children's humor, and suggests utilizing the educational meaning of their 'smiles' in class.
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