부모의 우울 및 온정결여가 유아의 공격행동에 미치는 영향에서 유아 자기통제의 조절효과
Effects of parental depression and low warmth on young children’s aggressive behavior: The moderating role of self-control
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유아기 후반에 나타나는 높은 수준의 공격행동은 이후 심각한 부적응 문제의 발달을 예고하는 경고신호로 간주된다. 본 연구는 한국아동패널 7차년도 자료(N=1,086)를 분석하여 6세 유아의 공격행동에 미치는 부모요인(어머니와 아버지의 우울 및 온정결여)과 유아 자기통제의 영향을 살펴보고, 부모요인이 공격행동에 미치는 영향을 자기통제가 조절하는지 살펴보았다. 연구결과는 어머니 요인(우울, 온정결여)과 유아 자기통제가 독립적으로도, 그리고 서로 상호작용해서도 공격행동을 예측한다는 것을 보여주었다. 상호작용을 살펴본 결과는 자기통제가 낮은 유아들의 경우 그렇지 않은 유아들에 비해 어머니의 높은 우울 및 온정결여가 공격행동에 미치는 부정적 효과가 훨씬 크다는 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 자기통제의 조절효과는 유아의 자기통제가 부정적 양육환경으로부터 야기될 수 있는 공격행동의 발달 위험을 낮추는 보호요인의 역할을 한다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 유아기 후반 공격행동의 발달에서 부모요인과 자기통제의 상호작용을 지지하는 실증적 증거를 제공했다는 의의를 지닌다. 본 연구결과가 주는 시사점이 공격행동 발달에 대한 예방적 중재관점에서 논의되었다.
Abstract
High levels of aggressive behavior in kindergarten-aged children are considered warning signs for future severe problems. Using data (N=1,086) from the 7th wave of Panel Study on Korean Children, this study investigated the additive and interactive effects of parental factors (i.e., maternal/paternal depression and low warmth) and self-control on aggressive behavior in 6-years old children. Maternal factors and child’s self-control predicted aggressive behavior both additively and interactively. Significant interactions indicated that maternal risk factors (i.e., high depression, low warmth) were more strongly related to aggressive behavior for children low in self-control. This moderating effect of self-control suggested that young children’s self-control might operate as a protective factor, decreasing the adverse effects of parental risk factors. This study offered the empirical support for the interactions between parental factors and self-control as significant predictors of young children’s aggressive behavior. Implications of the study were discussed from an intervention perspective on preventing the development of aggressive behavior in early childhood.
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