실내 자유놀이 중에 나타나는 유아의 메타인지 분석
An analysis of young children’s metacognition manifested during indoor free play
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본 연구는 놀이 중에 나타나는 유아의 메타인지 행동 양상을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 대상은 서울시 사립 유치원에 재원 중인 만 3, 4, 5세 유아 38명이었으며, 놀이 중에나타나는 유아의 메타인지를 알아보기 위해서 ‘C.Ind.Le(Cambridgeshire Independent Learning) 코딩 체제’를 사용하였다. 자료 수집을 위해 영상 촬영을 병행하며 유아의 놀이를 관찰하고, 수집한 자료는 INTERACT8 컴퓨터 분석 프로그램을 사용하여 유아의 말과 행동을 초단위로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 유아들은 놀이 시간 중 약 73%의 시간 동안 메타인지 행동을 하는 것으로나타났다. 유아들이 놀이하는 동안 가장 많이 보인 메타인지 행동은 메타인지 조절이었다. 이중에서 실행 통제와 모니터링 행동을 하는 시간의 비율이 50% 이상을 차지하였으며, 두 행동은 연결되어 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 유아들이 두 번째로 많이 보인 메타인지 행동은 감정·동기 조절로, 이 중 감정·동기 모니터링을 나타내는 비중이 높았다. 가장 적게 나타낸 행동은 메타인지 지식이었으며, 이 중 전략지식의 비중이 높았다. 위와 같은 결과는 유아들에게도 메타인지 능력이 존재하며, 유아들이 놀이하는 동안에 하는 말과 행동 속에서 메타인지의 증거가빈번하게 나타난다는 것을 보여준다. 이처럼 본 연구는 유아들이 놀이 중에 나타내는 메타인지를 행동의 빈도 및 시간과 사례를 통해 구체적으로 밝힘으로써 유아의 인지적 능력에 대한 이해를 높였다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 하겠다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate aspects of young children’s metacognitive behavior manifested during indoor free play. Participants were 38 young children in the 3-5 age range who attended a private kindergarten in Seoul. The children’s metacognition demonstrated during play was measured using the Cambridgeshire Independent Learning (C.Ind.Le) Coding Scheme, which was specifically adapted for this study. Data were collected by videotaping and observing children’s play; children’s speech and behavior were analyzed by units of seconds using INTERACT8. The results of this study are as follows. Children engaged in metacognitive behavior approximately in 73% of playtime. The most frequently observed metacognitive behavior in the children was metacognitive regulation. In terms of subtypes of metacognitive regulation, children engaged in executive control and monitoring for over 50% of time, and the two types of behavior tended to occur in connection with each other. Following the metacognitive regulation, emotional and motivational regulation was the second most frequent metacognitive behavior. Concerning its subtypes, the frequency of emotional and motivational monitoring was higher than that of emotional and motivational control. The least frequent type of metacognitive behavior was metacognitive knowledge. Among its subtypes, the knowledge of strategies was most frequently observed, followed by knowledge of persons, and then knowledge of tasks. These results demonstrate that metacognitive skills clearly exist in children, and children’s speech and behavior during play frequently show the evidence of metacognition. The primary merit of this study is that it expanded upon the general understanding of children’s cognitive skills by demonstrating metacognition manifested during children’s play, using frequencies, duration, and cases of behavior.
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