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어포던스 이론이 유아교육기관 놀이환경 구성에 주는 시사점

Implications of affordance theory for early childhood educational environments

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참고문헌

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주제분류교육학

초록

공간은 ‘제3의 교사’라 칭해질 만큼 유아의 성장과 발달에 있어 중요하다. 본 연구는 유아의 놀이에 영향을 미치는 실내외 공간과 놀잇감을 포괄하는 물리적 환경으로서의 유아교육기관 환경을 어포던스 이론 및 개념과 관련지어 분석한 국내외 연구들을 살펴보고 그 결과가 유아 교육기관 환경 구성에 주는 시사점을 도출하는 데 그 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 먼저 어포던스 의 개념과 하위 유형들을 살펴보고, 이어서 유아교육기관 실내외 공간 및 놀잇감으로 구분하여 어포던스 관련 연구를 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 이를 종합하여 관련 연구들에 대한 포괄적 논의 를 바탕으로 어포던스 개념이 유아교육기관 물리적 환경 구성에 주는 시사점으로 1) 빈 공간의 힘: 넓고 개방적이며 다양한 영역으로 구성된 실외 공간의 제공, 2) 즉각적 피드백 제공과 실패 의 허용: 실외 자연과의 접근성 제고, 3) 직관의 힘: 저절로 이해되고 사용할 수 있는 실내 환경 으로 구성, 4) 창의적·발산적 사고의 자극: 개방적 놀잇감 및 다양한 유형의 놀잇감 제공, 5) 모 험과 절제 사이: 조절력을 함양하는 역동적이고 도전적인 환경 제공의 5가지를 도출하고, 후속 연구에 대해 제언하였다.

Abstract

The phrase “environment as the third teacher” well reveals the importance of educational environments for young children’s sound growth and development. Children, as the agents of their own development, actively explore and experience the surrounding world while utilizing their senses and physically interacting with the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the concept of affordance as an environmental characteristic that supports or elicits human behaviors. In this context, to draw implications for the early childhood educational environments, this study aimed to examine affordance-related domestic and oversees studies, which encompass indoor and outdoor spaces and play materials that influence children's play. For this purpose, the theoretical concepts and subtypes of affordances were examined, which was followed by an investigation of studies categorized by indoor and outdoor spaces and play materials respectively in early childhood education institutions. Based on the review of relevant studies, five implications to construct better early childhood educational environments were derived and discussed, which are: 1) the power of empty space: environments composed of wide, open, and diverse areas, 2) immediate feedback and embracing failure: more frequent access to natural environment, 3) the power of intuition: intuitive and user-friendly indoor environments, 4) stimulating creative and divergent thinking: environments that provide open-ended and diverse types of play materials, and 5) between adventure and restraint: dynamic and challenging environments that allow for free exploration. Finally, suggestions for further research were discussed.

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