고분자고체형연료전지용 나노백금족입자의 제조와 응용기술 동향
Trends in Production and Application Technology of Nano-platinum Group Particles for PEFC
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수소연료전지자동차(FCV)의 핵심은 고분자고체형연료전지(Polymer Solid Fuell Cell: PEFC)이고 전지 중에서 전기화학적 전기를 발생하는 핵심 소재는 백금촉매이다. 백금은 남아프리카와 러시아 등에 편재되어있고, 백금의 세계생산량은 연간 약 178톤이고 고 가이므로 리싸이클링 한다. 현재 PEFC에 Pt를 사용하는 양은 0.2~0.1 mg/cm 2 인데, 전지의 가격을 줄여서 FCV보급을 확대하기 위하여 사용하는 Pt양을 0.05~0.03 mg/cm 2 까지 감소시키는 것을 목표로 하여 각국이 연구 개발하고 있다. 나노배금 제조기술은 건식 법과 습식법으로 크게 나누며 습식환원법을 중심으로 제조하는 방식이 Pt를 제조하는데 유리하다. 나노Pt를 이용하여 폴리올법, 개 량형 Cu-UPD/Pt 치환법 및 나노캡슐법 등에 의해 Pt-Pd/Al 2 O 3 , Pt/C, Pt/GCB, Pt/Au/C, PtCo/C, PtPd/C 등의 Pt촉매가 연구 개발 되고 있으며, Pt촉매의 활성향상 및 안정화 기술 등이 보고되고 있다. 본고는 나노Pt와 나노Pt촉매의 제조기술 및 폐 촉매의 리사 이클링 및 Pt촉매의 응용기술 경향을 조사 분석하였다
Abstract
The core of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) is polymer solid fuel cell (PEFC), and the core material that generates electrochemical electricity in the cell is platinum catalyst. Platinum is localized in South Africa and Russia, and the world production of Pt is about 178 tons per year, which is expensive and recycled. At present, the amount of Pt used in PEFC is 0.2~0.1 mg/ cm 2 . In order to reduce the price of the battery and increase the FCV supply, the target is to reduce the amount of Pt used to 0.05~0.03 mg/cm 2 . Pt-Pd/Al 2 O 3 , Pt/C, Pt/GCB, Pt/Au/C, PtCo/C, PtPd/C, etc. by using polyol method using nano Pt, improved Cu-UPD/Pt substitution method and nano-capsule method, Have been researched and developed, and there have been reported techniques for improving the activity of Pt catalysts and stabilizing them. This paper investigates the production technology of nano-Pt and nano-Pt catalysts, recycling of spent Pt catalysts and application trends of Pt catalysts.
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