백금족 금속의 제련과 폐촉매의 리사이클링
Smelting of Platinum Group Metals and Recycling of Spent Catalyst
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초록
백금족 금속(Platinum Group Metals, PGMs)은 화학적 저항성은 물론 전기·열전도성이 뛰어나 촉매, 전자기기, 전극, 전기기기, 연료전지, 고온 소재 등 광범위한 응용 분야에 사용된다. 일반적으로 백금족 금속은 구리와 니켈의 황화광과 관련되어 있으므로 백금족 금속의 상대적인 농도에 따라 주산물로 생산되거나 니켈과 구리의 부산물로 생산된다. 특히 이러한 자원들은 남아프리카와 러시아 같은 나라들에 편재되어 있으며, 백금족 금속의 연간 공급량은 500톤 미만이다. 이와 같은 백금족 금속의 한정된 공급량을 고려하면 향후에 백금족금속의 공급 리스크가 증가할 것이다. 따라서 폐촉매와 같은 2차 자원으로부터 백금족 금속을 회수하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 백금족 금속의 제련 기술과 리사이클링 기술에 대하여 고찰하였다.
Abstract
Platinum group metals (PGMs) are used in a wide range of application fields such as catalysts, electronic devices, electrodes, electrical devices, fuel cells and high temperature materials due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity as well as chemical resistivity. Platinum group elements are generally associated with nickel-copper sulfides in magmatic rocks. Depending on the relative concentrations of the PGMs, they are produced either as the primary products or as by-products of the nickel and copper. However, PGMs natural resource deposits are strictly limited in countries such as South Africa and Russia. The annual supply of PGMs is only under 500 t. Considering the limited supply of PGMs, there will be a noticeable increase in the supply risk associated with PGMs in the near future. Therefore, it is extremely important to recover PGMs from secondary resources such as spent catalysts. This paper reviews on overview of PGMs extraction and recycling processes.
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