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건식 공정을 통한 리튬이차전지의 재활용 연구 동향

Overview on Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process of Spent Lithium-ion Battery

김용환|손성호|한철웅|이만승|박은미
한국자원리싸이클링학회|2022.06|자원리싸이클링 (Resources Recycling)|제31권 제3호|pp. 27-39|DOI 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.3.27

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참고문헌

키워드

Recycling재활용PyrometallurgyLithium recovery리튬 회수폐 리튬이차전지건식 제련Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)
주제분류자원공학

초록

리튬이차전지의 수요는 1990년대 이후로 휴대용 전자 기기 시장과 함께 지속적으로 증가되어 왔으며, 최근 전기 자동차 시장의 급격한 확장에 따라 리튬이차전지 또한 전 세계적으로 수요가 급증하였다. 이는 가까운 미래에 천연자원으로부터의 리튬 공급량을 앞설 것이며, 리튬 자원 수급의 불안정을 초래할 수 있다. 지속적으로 축적되는 수명이 다 한 폐전지 또한 환경적으로 큰 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 사용된 리튬이차전지의 재활용은 매우 중요한 기술적 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 건식 공정을 이용한 리튬이차전지의 재활용 공정과 함께 리튬 회수를 위한 추가 공정에 대해 조사하였다. 전지 재활용을 위한 건식 제련의 지속적인 연구는 리튬 및 유가 금속의 회수율을 크게 향상시켜 전기 자동차 및 휴대용 전자기기의 필수 부품인 리튬이차전지의 시장 안정화에 크게 기여할 것이다.

Abstract

The global demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been continuously increasing since the 1990s along with the growth of the portable electronic device market. Of late, the rapid growth of the electric vehicle market has further accelerated the demand for LIBs. The demand for the LIBs is expected to surpass the supply of lithium from natural resources in the near future, posing a risk to the global lithium supply chain. Moreover, the continuous accumulation of end-of-life LIBs is expected to cause serious environmental problems. To solve these problems, recycling the spent LIBs must be viewed as a critical technological challenge that must be urgently addressed. In this study, recycling LIBs using pyrometallurgical processes and post-processes for efficient lithium recovery are briefly reviewed along with the major accomplishments in the field and current challenges.

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