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습식공정에 의한 폐리튬이온전지(LIB) 재활용 기술 현황 및 전망

Current Status and Prospect of Waste Lithium Ion Battery(LIB) Recycling Technology by Hydrometallurgical Process

조연철|안재우
한국자원리싸이클링학회|2023.08|자원리싸이클링 (Resources Recycling)|제32권 제4호|pp. 3-17|DOI https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2023.32.4.3

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키워드

recovery재활용recycling회수solvent extraction습식공정용매추출폐리튬전지Waste LIBhydrometallurgical process
주제분류자원공학

초록

최근 리튬이차전지 산업의 고속 성장과 함께 폐리튬이온전지 발생량이 급증하면서 폐리튬전지 재활용 사업이 주목을 받고 있다. 폐리튬전지 재활용 기술은 코발트, 니켈, 리튬 등 전지 내 함유되어 있는 고가의 유가금속을 재사용할 수 있는 자원순환 효과와 환경오염을 방지할 수 있다는 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 폐리튬전지를 전처리한 후에 발생되는 블랙파우더로 부터 습식공정에 의한 Mn, Co, Ni, Li 등을 분리·회수하는 기술에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 특히 분리공정의 핵심이라 할 수 있는 용매추출 기술의 적용 사례를 분석하여 효율적인 공정 설계 방안에 대하여 설명하고, 아울러 향후 주목을 받을 수 있는 친환경 미래 기술의 전망에 대해서도 소개하고자 한다.

Abstract

Recently, d ue t o the rapid growth o f the l ithium-ion b attery(LIB) industry a nd t he s ignif icant increase i n waste L IB generation, the LIB recycling business has garnered global attention. The recycling of waste LIBs holds paramount importance as it facilitates resource circulation by reusing precious and valuable metals like Mn, Co, Ni, and Li contained within batteries, thereby preventing environmental pollution. In this study, we aim to introduce a technology that utilizes a hydrometallurgical process to separate and recover Mn, Co, Ni, Li, and other materials from the black mass generated after pretreating waste LIBs. Specifically, we will analyze instances of solvent extraction technology application, which serves as the core technology in the separation process. We will elucidate efficient process design methods and provide an overview of potential future eco-friendly technologies poised to capture attention.

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