미국법상 폐쇄회사에서의 주주억압의 개념
Judicial Interpretation in the United States concerning Shareholder Oppression in Close Corporations
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Abstract
Judicial Interpretation in the United States concerning Shareholder Oppression in Close Corporations In the United States, judicial interpretation of the term “oppressive” may be divided into three broad approaches. First, some decisions state the standard in very general terms such as “wrongful conduct.” A second approach, comprising a substantial body of case law, provides somewhat greater definition by relating oppression to “breach by controlling shareholders of their fiduciary duties.” Third, a few states deem oppression to be “a breach of the reasonable expectations of minority shareholders”-an approach that shifts emphasis away from wrongfulness of the conduct of those in control. Under the reasonable expectations approach, oppression can be found even if the acts of the controlling shareholders are in good faith and consistent with their fiduciary duties. In Korea, in case that an oppression occurs in a closely held small stock corporation but cannot be solved by the law, bylaw, shareholders agreement, etc., this kind of unfairness problems are much more difficult to solve than in the United States because a direct relationship between the shareholders is not acknowledged in Korea. As the result, a shareholder’s damage cannot be remedied through a direct suit. For the purpose of solving this problem, the fiduciary duty(or duty of loyalty) of the controlling shareholders or the reasonable expectation theory can be introduced. In addition, an oppression clause can be established to replace or supplement the existing dissolution clause.
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