DSM-Ⅳ 성격장애와 성격 5요인 간의 관계
The Relationships between DSM-IV Personality Disorders and the Five Factors of Personality
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초록
DSM의 성격장애 분류체계는 개념적인 분석 및 경험적인 자료에서 결함의 증거들이 발견되면서 반복적인 비판의 대상이 되어왔다. 그에 대한 반응으로 많은 연구자들은 성격병리의 평가에 대해 성격 5요인 모델을 비롯한 대안적인 접근을 제안해 왔다. 본 연구는 DSM-Ⅳ 성격장애와 성격 5 요인의 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 성격 5 요인으로 각 성격장애를 예측할 수 있는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 대학생을 포함한 정상성인 390명에게 성격장애 진단검사와 NEO-PI-R을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 10개의 DSM-Ⅳ 성격장애는 각각 성격 5 요인(신경증, 외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성) 중 일부 요인들과 의미 있는 상관관계를 나타내었다. 중다회귀 분석을 통해 각 성격장애를 예측할 수 있는 성격요인들을 확인해본 결과, ‘신경증’은 편집성, 분열형, 경계성, 회피성, 의존성 성격장애를 정적인 방향으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 ‘외향성’은 편집성, 분열성, 회피성, 의존성, 강박성 성격장애를 부적인 방향으로, 연기성 성격장애는 정적인 방향으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 ‘개방성’은 분열형, 경계성, 자기애성 성격장애를 정적으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ‘친화성’은 편집성, 분열형 반사회성, 경계성, 연기성, 자기애성 성격장애를 부적인 방향으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 ‘성실성’은 편집성, 강박성 성격장애를 정적인 방향으로, 연기성, 자기애성 성격장애를 부적인 방향으로 예측하였다. 이러한 결과는 DSM-Ⅳ 성격장애를 성격 5요인 모델로 기술하고 변별할 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the factors from the Five-Factor Model of Personality can be applied to a categorical model of personality disorders. Three hundred ninety subjects, who were over 19 years of age, participated in collecting the data. The five factors (neuroticism, extroversions, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) of personality showed significantly correlations with the scores of the ten DSM-Ⅳpersonality disorders. On the results of multiple regression analysis, the five factors of personality significantly predicted the DSM-IV personality disorders. The Paranoid, Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Dependant PDs were positively predicted by ‘neuroticism’. The Paranoid, Schizoid, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive PDs were negatively predicted and the Borderline PD was positively predicted by ‘extroversion’. The Schizotypal, Borderline, and Narcissistic PDs were positively predicted by ‘openness to experience’. The Paranoid, Schizotypal, Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic PDs were negatively predicted by ‘agreeableness’. The Paranoid and Obsessive-Compulsive PDs were positively predicted and the Histrionic and Narcissistic PDs were negatively predicted by ‘conscientiousness’. These results suggest that personality disorders can be represented by the Five-Factor Model of Personality.
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