대졸기혼직장 여성이 지각한 사회적 지지와 다중역할 현실성에 따른 집단 분류와 일-가족 갈등의 차이
Clustering by Social Supports and Multiple-Role Realistic Attitude and Differences in Work-Family Conflict among Married and Employed Women
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본 연구에서는 성인 여성 진로 발달에서 일-가족 갈등에 직면한 여성들을 이해하기 위한 목적으로 사회적 지지와 다중역할 현실성의 하위 요인에 따라 동질한 군집이 형성되는지, 그리고 분류된 집단들이 일-가족 갈등 유형에서 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 총 184명의 대졸 기혼 직장여성들을 대상으로 군집 분석한 결과, 4개의 군집으로 분류되었으며 일-가족 갈등 유형(시간-기반 WFC, 시간-기반 FWC, 긴장 기반 WFC, 긴장-기반 FWC)에 따라 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 첫째, 가족친화조직-다중역할 현실형(군집2)의 경우, 다중역할 지식과 직장 내 상사의 사회적 지지가 가장 높았고 근로시간 이외에 근로 요구에 대한 기대가 가장 낮아 일-가족 갈등 모든 유형에서 가장 낮은 집단으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 비사회적지지-다중역할 비현실형(군집4)은 상사의 사회적 지지 및 가족친화제도에 대한 접근 용이성이 가장 낮았고, 근로시간 이외의 근로요구 기대는 가장 높았다. 상대적으로 배우자의 사회적 지지 및 다중역할 현실성이 낮아 일-가족 갈등 모든 유형에서 가장 높은 집단으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 배우자 비지지-다중역할 비현실형(군집3)은 배우자의 사회적 지지 및 다중역할 현실성이 전체 집단에서 가장 낮아 긴장을 기반으로 하는 일-가족 /가족-일 갈등이 매우 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 배우자 지지-다중역할 비현실형(군집1)은 전체 집단에서 배우자의 사회적 지지가 가장 높았지만 다중역할 현실성 태도가 낮고 조직의 사회적 지지를 평균 이하로 지각하고 있어 긴장을 기반으로 하는 일-가족 갈등이 다소 높게 나타났다.
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine homogeneous grouping of women in terms of social supports-from organization, supervisor and spouse-and three dimensions of multiple-role realistic attitude. Results from K-Means cluster analysis with a sample of married women with full time job(N=184) indicated the presence of four clusters. Four clusters showed significant differences in types of work-family conflict(time-based WFC/FWC, strain-based WFC/FWC). First, ‘family friendly organization-multiple-role realistic attitude’ was characterized by being the highest on multiple-role knowledge/certainty, and organizational and supervisory support. It scored the lowest on all types of WFC. Second, by contrast, ‘nonsocial support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ was the lowest on organizational and supervisory support, and very low on the spouse of instrumental support, and multiple-role knowledge/certainty except multiple-role commitment, and multiple-role involvement. It scored highest on all types of WFC. Third, ‘Spouse nonsocial support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ scored the lowest on instrumental/emotional support from spouse and multiple-role realistic attitude. It scored very high on the strain based WFC/FWC. Finally, ‘spouse social support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ scored the highest on spousal support, but realtively low on multiple-role realistic attitude and organizational support. It scored moderately high on the strain based WFC.
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