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애착 연구를 통해 본 부모역할(parenting)에 대한 비판적 고찰

Review of attachment theory and parenting

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초록

영아와 양육자 간 정서적 유대를 강조하는 애착이론은 주로 어머니와 아동 간의 관계에 초점을 두면서 모성박탈론의 근거를 제공하였다. 본 논문은 최근 10여 년 동안의 애착관련 국내 연구 경향을 토대로, 애착 연구가 주로 영유아를 대상으로 했으며 어머니 애착관계에 비해 상대적으로 아버지와의 애착관계는 소홀히 다루어진 점을 확인하였다. 더욱이 애착관계가 상호 호혜적 관계임에도 불구하고 양육자 자신의 자녀애착 경험을 통한 발달은 거의 연구되어 있지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 애착이론에 전제되어 있는 모성과 부성 개념을 비판적으로 고찰하면서 아버지 개입의 중요성 및 공동육아(coparenting)의 필요성을 제언하였다. 덧붙여 부모됨의 경험을 통한 부모 자신의 발달적 의미가 논의되었다.

Abstract

The attachment theory that emphasizes the emotional bond between a caregiver and a child has been the base of the theory of maternal deprivation. The tendency of research on attachment recently for 10 years in Korea shows that most attachment research has been conducted about infants and toddlers and rarely interested in father-children attachment compared to mother-children attachment. In addition, caregivers' development through being parents has been hardly examined although attachment is the reciprocal relationship between parents and children. The researcher reinterprets the meaning of motherhood and fatherhood based on attachment theory and suggests the importance of father involvement and the need of coparenting. Parents' own development through parenting is also discussed.

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