보살계의 성립에 대한 재고

Abstract

This paper studies and reveals how the Bodhisattva śīla was established within Mahāyāna Buddhism. For this purpose, it is meaningful to examine how threefold classification of Mahāyāna śīla was established within Bodhisattva. A laity is an important member of the Buddhist structure. During the early years of Buddhism, that is during Abhidharma Buddhism, the laity was referred to as the Upāsaka or the Upāsikā. The Upāsaka or the Upāsikā had to receive the three refuges, the five precepts, and the eight precepts. During Abhidharma Buddhism, the three refuges, the five precepts, and the eight precepts all show various forms of transformations. Even during the period of Mahāyāna Buddhism, the Bodhisattva laity had to carry out the three refuges, the five precepts and the eight precepts. The only distinction would be that they had to be followed from the perspective of Mahāyāna Buddhism. This also refers to ritual of accepting sila. With the establishment of Mahāyāna Buddhism, the classifications of Bodhisattva which are the human ideal that a bodhisattva pursues were also established. The classifications of Bodhisattva proceeds through ten good precepts until it ends with the threefold classification of Mahāyāna śīla. The practice of a Bodhisattva of Mahāyāna is the pāramitā. Thus, among the pāramitā it is the śīla –pāramitā that describes the Bodhisattva śīla. Even to Mahāyāna Buddhism, the process of constituting the threefold classification of Mahāyāna śīla is not simple. Each scripture of Abhidharma Buddhism reveals a varying form of the threefold classification of Mahāyāna śīla. There are also cases of including or excluding the Śrāvaka-śīla within the threefold classification of Mahāyāna śīla. The Bodhisattva śīla underwent many stages of transition before establishing the threefold classification of Mahāyāna śīla. Still, it can be seen that the classes consistently emphasize the principle of benefiting both oneself(having priority) and others. This reveals that Mahāyāna śīla of Bodhisattva implies the fundamental principles of Mahāyāna Buddhism.