대학 수업 평가환경에 따른 성취목표의 차이와 유능감과의 관계
College Students' Achievement Goals and Competence in Mastery or Performance Oriented Evaluation Context
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초록
이 연구에서는 대학 수업의 평가환경에 따른 성취목표 형성 정도의 차이를 알아보고 성취목표와 지각된 유능감 간의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 성취목표에 대한 기존의 연구들은 질문지를 활용한 개인의 목표성향 연구이든 실험실 상황의 목표조작 연구이든 주로 집단간 차이 비교를 하였으나 이 연구에서는 동일 대상이 각기 다른 평가환경에서 형성하는 목표의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 따라서 대학생 중 숙달중심의 평가환경과 수행중심의 평가환경을 동시에 경험하고 있는 표본이 필요하였고, 이 조건에 충족되는 대상은 절대평가와 상대평가 과목을 지속적으로 함께 수강하고 있는 학생들이라고 판단하였다. 연구대상으로 설정한 대학교는 교직과목을 제외한 거의 모든 과목에 대해 상대평가를 실시하고 있었기에 사범대생(일반 교직 이수자 포함)을 연구대상으로 표집 하였다. 총 128(남 38, 여 90)명의 학생들이 온라인 설문에 응답한 자료를 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과, 대학 수업에서 숙달목표는 평가환경에 따라 차이가 없으나 수행목표는 접근과 회피 요인 모두 상대평가 환경에서 더욱 높게 형성되는 것으로 확인하였다. 또한, 상대평가 환경에서는 수행목표의 두 요인만이 유능감에 영향을 미치지만 절대평가 환경에서는 숙달목표도 통계적으로 유의하게 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 상대평가 환경에서 통계적으로 유의한 두 요인만의 설명력이 절대평가 환경에서 세요인 모두의 설명력보다 컸고, 수행회피목표는 절대평가와 상대평가 모든 환경에서 부적으로 기능하고 있음도 주목할 만한 사실이었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 수업의 맥락적 특성으로서 평가환경과 개인의 동기적 특성으로서 목표성향의 중요성을 논의하고 내재동기 형성에 가장 기본 요인 중에 하나인 유능감 형성에 있어서 성취목표의 영향력에 대한 시사점을 제안하였다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the differences of students' achievement goals and to investigate the influence of achievement goals on competence in mastery or performance oriented evaluation context(or classroom goal structure). It was expected that performance goal would be higher in performance oriented evaluation context and mastery goal would be higher in mastery oriented evaluation context. 128 students's data were collected from a university in Gyeong-gi district and 3 factors perspective(mastery, performance- approach, and performance-avoidance) among achievement goal theories was employed. The data were processed with pairer-t test and multiple regression using enter method. As was expected, performance goals(both approach and avoidance) were higher in performance evaluation context. But there is no statistical difference in case of mastery goal. Approach and avoidance performance goals in performance structure and all of 3 factors in mastery one have effects on competence.
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