긍정문항과 부정문항으로 이루어진 심리검사에 대한 방법효과 검증
An Investigation of Methods Effects Associated With Positively- and Negatively-Worded Items in Self-Report Psychological Test
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초록
자기보고식 검사에서는 문항 내용과 상관없이 동의하려는 경향인 동의편파(묵종)를 줄이기 위해 긍정문항과 부정문항을 혼용하여 사용하게 되는데, 이 때 의도치 않은 방법효과가 발생하여 검사의 타당성을 저해할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 긍정문항과 부정문항이 함께 쓰인 검사에서 문항 표현에 따른 방법효과를 분석하여 검사가 측정하고자 하는 실제적 요인과 방법효과 요인이 구분될 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 자아존중감 검사와 친구관계 검사를 사용하여 초등학교, 중학교, 고등학교 집단에 대해 각각 확인적 요인분석을 수행하여 결과를 비교하였다. 분석 결과 각 검사에 대한 연구모형에서 CTCM 모형과 CTCU 모형이 다른 모형에 비해 좋은 적합도 지수를 보였으며, 자아존중감 검사에서는 부정문항의 방법효과, 친구관계 검사에서는 긍정문항의 방법효과가 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 본 연구는 자아존중감 검사와 친구관계 검사를 분석하여, 긍정문항과 부정문항이 혼재된 검사의 요인구조 탐색 시 연구모형에서 반드시 방법효과를 고려해야함을 확인했다는 점에서 그 중요성이 있다. 또한 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 추후 방법효과와 관련하여 후속 연구에서 다뤄져야 할 몇 가지 사항을 추가로 제안하였다.
Abstract
In order to reduce agreement bias(acquiescence) that occurs when respondents agree regardless of questions in survey, negatively- and positively-worded items are often mixed. However, methods effects can be caused from the mixed format and the effects leads to problems in test validity. Using tests with negatively- and positively-worded items, the present study examined whether theoretical factors a test tried to measure and method-effect factors could be distinguished. For this purpose, self-esteem and peer relationship scales were used for elementary, middle and high school groups respectively, and analyzed applying confirmatory factor analysis. Results showed that CTCM and CTCU models considering methods effects fitted well. However, for the self-esteem scale, methods effects appeared for negatively-worded items while for the peer relationship scale, methods effects appeared for positively-worded items. The significance of this study indicates that it is necessary to consider methods effects when exploring the factor structure of a test with negatively- and positively-worded items in a mixed format. This study also suggests further investigations regarding method effects using various tests in future studies to generalize current results.
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