아임상 강박성향군의 세부-편향적 시지각 특성에 관한 연구
Local-Biased Visuoperception in Sub-Clinical Obsessive-Compulsive Subjects
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아임상 수준의 강박 성향을 가지고 있는 여자 대학생들이 강박 장애 환자에서 관찰되는 시지각 특성, 즉 자극의 전체적 형태보다 세부적인 측면에 더 초점을 맞추는 세부-편향적 시지각 특성을 가지는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 서울 소재 S여대에 재학 중인 여대생 670명을 대상으로 강박 장애 척도인 Padua Inventory(PI)와 Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory(MOCI)를 실시하여 PI에서 124점 이상, MOCI에서 44점 이상의 점수를 보인 학생들을 아임상 강박성향군으로 포함하였고(n=15), PI와 MOCI에서 평균 점수를 보인 학생들을 통제군에 포함하였다(n=15). 시지각 특성은 세부-전체 방안(local-global paradigm)을 사용하여 측정하였으며, 여러 개의 작은 숫자들이 모여 하나의 큰 숫자 형태를 이루도록 자극을 구성하였다. 자극의 전체 수준과 세부 수준이 일치하는 일치 자극, 전체 수준과 세부 수준이 일치하지 않는 불일치 자극과 중립 자극(자극의 전체 수준과 세부 수준에 위치하는 숫자가 피검자가 반응해야 하는 수준의 숫자와 무관한 경우)의 세 자극 유형이 사용되었다. 과제는 전체 과제와 세부 과제로 구분되었으며 전체 과제에서는 자극의 전체 수준에 대한 반응이 요구되는 반면 세부 과제에서는 자극의 세부 수준에 대한 반응이 요구되었다. 아임상 강박성향군과 통제군 모두 세부 과제보다 전체 과제에서 더 빠른 반응시간과 더 낮은 오류율을 보였으며, 일치 자극 보다 중립 및 불일치 자극에 대해 더 긴 반응시간과 더 높은 오류율을 보였다. 이에 덧붙여서 통제군은 전체 과제보다 세부 과제에서 불일치 자극에 대해 유의하게 더 긴 반응시간과 더 높은 오류율을 보인 반면 아임상 강박성향군에서는 이러한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 즉 통제군에서는 전체 간섭 효과가 관찰된 반면 아임상 강박성향군에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 MOCI 점수와 전체 과제의 반응시간 및 오류율 사이의 정적 상관이 아임상 강박성향군에서 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 아임상 강박성향군이 세부-편향적 시지각 특성을 가지고 있다는 것과 강박 장애 환자들에서 관찰되는 세부-편향적 시각 특성이 아임상 강박 수준에 이미 존재한다는 것을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study used a local-global paradigm to examine whether female college students with sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms would overly focus on local aspects of stimuli and be more affected by incongruent stimuli than would normal controls. Participants were 15 sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive subjects as psychometrically defined by the Padua Inventory(PI) and the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory(MOCI) and 15 controls. We employed 3 types of stimuli(congruent, incongruent, and neutral), all large global numbers made up of small, local numbers. For global and local tasks, participants were instructed to respond to the global or local levels of stimuli, respectively. Both the sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive group(OC) and the control group showed faster response time on the global task as compared to the local task. However, in the global task, the sub-clinical OC group committed significantly more errors than did the control group. No such difference was seen in the local task. In local versus global tasks, the control group showed more errors in response to incongruent stimuli, but the sub-clinical OC group did not show any such difference. Additionally, the sub-clinical OC group showed significant positive correlations between MOCI scores and response times/error rates in the global task but not in the local task. These results indicate that sub-clinical OC subjects have difficulties in processing global features and the local-biased tendency reported in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder is present even before OC symptoms are developed.
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