신체이형 증상 수준에 따른 여자 대학생의 전체-세부 시지각적 특성 및 주의 세트 전환에 관한 연구
Global-local visual features and attentional set-shifting in female college students with body dysmorphic symptoms
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초록
본 연구는 신체이형 증상 수준에 따른 여자 대학생의 전체-세부 시지각적 특성 및 주의 세트 전환 능력을 알아보고자 하였다. 또한, 신체이형 고증상군이 비정상적인 시지각적 특성과 주의 세트 전환의 결함을 보인다면, 이들의 시지각적 특성과 주의 세트 전환 능력이 서로 관련되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 신체상 염려 척도(The Body Image Concern Inventory)와 이형증적 염려 질문지(Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire), 식사태도검사-26(The Korean Version of Eating Attitude Test-26)의 점수에 근거하여 신체이형 고증상군(n = 23)과 저증상군(n = 23)을 선정하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 과제는 작은 알파벳들이 모여 큰 알파벳을 이루는 자극들로 구성된 전체-세부 방안(global-local paradigm)으로, 과제 지시에 따라 선택주의 방안과 분리주의 방안으로 구분되었다. 전체-세부 시지각적 특징은 목표 자극이 전체 혹은 세부 수준에서만 제시되는 선택주의 방안과 목표 자극이 전체와 세부 어느 수준에서도 제시될 수 있는 분리주의 방안으로 측정되었다. 주의 세트 전환 능력은 목표 자극이 큰 알파벳(작은 알파벳)으로 제시된 후 작은 알파벳(큰 알파벳)으로 제시되는 분리주의 방안의 연속된 시행 중, 두 번째 시행으로 측정되었다. 연구 결과, 고증상군이 저증상군에 비해 선택주의 방안의 전체 수준과 분리주의 방안의 전체와 세부 수준, 반복과 전환 조건에서 낮은 정확률을 보였다. 또한, 저증상군의 경우 각 방안의 세부 수준에서 보인 정확률 간 차이가 없었지만, 고증상군은 선택주의 방안에 비해 분리주의 방안의 세부 수준에서 낮은 정확률을 보였다. 본 결과는 신체이형 증상 수준이 높은 여자 대학생이 전체 처리 결함 및 세부 편향적 시지각 특성과 주의 세트 전환의 결함을 가지며, 이들의 세부 편향적 시지각 특성이 주의 세트 전환의 결함과 관련되었을 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study investigated the global-local visual features, attentional set-shifting, and the relationship between global-local visual features and attentional set-shifting in female college students with body dysmorphic symptoms. The Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ), and the Eating Attitude Test-26 (KEAT-26) determined the higher (n = 23) and lower limits of body dysmorphic symptom (n = 23) groups. Global-local visual features were evaluated using the global-local paradigms. The global-local paradigms were classified into selective and divided attention tasks according to the task instruction. Attentional set-shifting was measured using a divided paradigm. On the selective paradigm, the high-symptom group had a less accurate response to the global level than the low-symptom group. On the divided paradigm, the high-symptom group had a less accurate response to both global and local levels and repetition and switch conditions than the low-symptom group. The accuracy rate between local levels in the selective and divided paradigm did not differ in the low-symptom group. Contrastingly, the high-symptom group responded significantly less accurately to the local level in the divided paradigm than in the selective paradigm. This study indicates that female college students with high body dysmorphic symptoms have deficits in global-processing and local-bias regarding visual perception. They also have deficits in attentional set-shifting, which seem to be related to their local bias in visual perception.
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