니체와 문학적 공동체

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to show the communistic and aesthetic characteristics of the ‘sovereign individual’ in Nietzsche’s thoughts, by examining his thinking about death, community and art. In his early writings, he thought that individuals had to be redeemed from meaninglessness of life by devoting themselves to their states as the illusion of totality. The community that he pictured may be called an immanentist community in the words of Jean-Luc Nancy. Later, such an idea had been transformed into the aesthetic idea of community,from which the illusory redemption was rejected, and the sovereign individuals were emphasized instead. This later thought of Nietzsche tends to be regarded as an anti-communism. However, in order to understand rightly Nietzsche’s view, we have to distinguish it from Heidegger’s. Heidegger valued the authenticity of individuals, criticizing the life of ‘Das Man’ bound to the illusion of totality. It’s not to say Nietzsche’s view is entirely different from Watsuji Tetsurō(和辻哲郞)’s in which an ethical projection into totality is seen as the realization of sovereignty. Sovereignty of individual in Nietzche’s thought can be considered as the communicative activity that, Jean-Luc Nancy and Maurice Blanchot think, has the ecstatic singularity and impersonality. The sovereign individuality as aesthetic existence is not anti-communistic existence but both constant process and the results of communistic activities.