글쓰기 용서치료가 대인외상경험자의 심리적 적응에 미치는 효과
Effects of Forgiveness Therapy Through Writing on the Psychological Adjustment of Sufferers of Interpersonal Trauma
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 글쓰기를 통한 용서치료가 대인과 관련된 외상을 경험한 사람들의 심리적 적응에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 대인외상을 경험하였고, 동시에 PTSD 증상을 가진 33명의 대학생을 용서치료 글쓰기 집단, 자기노출 글쓰기 집단, 대기통제집단의 세 조건에 무선할당 하였다. 두 글쓰기 집단은 5회에 걸쳐 20∼30분간 해당 글쓰기 과제를 수행하였고, 세 집단 모두에게 용서 정도, 심리적 적응 정도(상태/특성분노, 수치심, 희망, 자존감), 증상심각도를 측정하기 위한 사전, 직후, 추후검사가 실시되었다. 연구 결과, 용서 정도에 있어서는 용서치료 글쓰기 집단의 전체/정서적 용서 정도가 두 비교집단에 비해 유의하게 증가하였고, 행동적/인지적 용서가 대기통제집단에 비해 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 심리적 적응 정도에서는 용서치료 글쓰기 집단이 자기노출 글쓰기 집단에 비해 특성분노가 유의하게 감소하였으며, 용서치료 글쓰기 집단의 상태분노가 직후 시기에 상당히 감소하였다. 또한 용서치료 글쓰기 집단이 두 비교집단에 비해 수치심이 감소하는 양상이었으며, 두 글쓰기 집단이 대기통제집단에 비해 희망이 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 자존감에서는 집단 간 별다른 차이가 없었다. 증상심각도에 있어서는 용서치료 글쓰기 집단이 자기노출 글쓰기 집단에 비해 유의하게 감소하고 대기통제집단에 비해서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 글쓰기 동안의 심리내적 변화를 살피기 위한 글분석 결과, 용서치료 글쓰기 집단에게서 공감적 이해, 정적 정서 및 고차원적 사고가 촉진되고, 부적 정서가 해소된 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 글쓰기 용서치료는 대인외상경험자의 심리적 적응에 효과적인 도구로 여겨진다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forgiveness intervention through writing on psychological adjustment in individuals who had previously experienced interpersonal trauma. Thirty-three undergraduate students who had experienced interpersonal trauma and had exhibited PTSD symptoms, were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to three groups: forgiveness therapy (FT) writing group, self-disclosure (SD) writing group, and waiting-list control group. Each of two writing groups wrote about their traumatic experience five times, each lasting 20~30 minutes. Dependent variables included forgiveness toward offender, trait-state anger, shame, hope, self-esteem, and symptom severity and were measured three times: before, after, and a couple of weeks after writing sessions. Further, internal psychological changes over the five writing sessions examined using the Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Results indicated that the FT writing group gained significantly more than both the SD writing group and the control group in terms of total/emotional forgiveness. The FT writing group also exhibited a significantly increased level of behavioral/cognitive forgiveness as compared to the control group. The FT writing group decreased significantly more than the SD writing group with respect to trait anger, and the FT writing group also showed considerable reductions in state anger at a post-test, as well as a reduction in shame as compared with the other groups. Both writing groups exhibited a trend toward improvement in hope compared with controls. With respect to self-esteem, there were no significant differences between any group. Further, the FT writing group decreased significantly more than the SD writing group in terms of PTSD symptoms. Additionally, writing samples from the FT writing group included significantly more words related to empathy, positive/negative emotion, and metaphysical issues than those from the SD writing group. In conclusion, the forgiveness therapy through writing considers as an effective method in terms of psychological adjustment of sufferers of interpersonal trauma. Implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies have been discussed.
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