모리슨의 『하느님 이 아이를 도우소서』: 교차적 억압과 자아정의
Black Woman’s Empowerment in Morrison’s God Help the Child
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Black woman’s empowerment in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child (2015). Kimberlé Crenshaw coins the term “intersectionality,” referring to particular forms of multi-faceted oppression towards Black women in the U.S. Patricia Hill Collins advances Crenshaw’s concept in order to describe how concretely these intersecting oppressions are organized. Since they are diversely situated in structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal domains of power, Black women undergo intersecting oppressions of identity politics such as race, gender, sexuality, class, and nation. In God help the Child, Bride, a Black heroine, suffers intersectional oppressions such as racism, colorism and child abuse. Endeavoring to achieve self-definition in her life, Bride, the active and positive Black woman, does not refuse to face problems. Bride achieves her self-definition in the process of searching her broken lover, Booker. In that journey, she realizes complete self-definition, which includes self-reliance, independence, as well as the respect of self and others by interacting with White couple, Rain and Booker. Exemplified by Bride, Morrison illustrates how important it is for a Black woman to empower through Collins’s concept of self-definition.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Black woman’s empowerment in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child (2015). Kimberlé Crenshaw coins the term “intersectionality,” referring to particular forms of multi-faceted oppression towards Black women in the U.S. Patricia Hill Collins advances Crenshaw’s concept in order to describe how concretely these intersecting oppressions are organized. Since they are diversely situated in structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal domains of power, Black women undergo intersecting oppressions of identity politics such as race, gender, sexuality, class, and nation. In God help the Child, Bride, a Black heroine, suffers intersectional oppressions such as racism, colorism and child abuse. Endeavoring to achieve self-definition in her life, Bride, the active and positive Black woman, does not refuse to face problems. Bride achieves her self-definition in the process of searching her broken lover, Booker. In that journey, she realizes complete self-definition, which includes self-reliance, independence, as well as the respect of self and others by interacting with White couple, Rain and Booker. Exemplified by Bride, Morrison illustrates how important it is for a Black woman to empower through Collins’s concept of self-definition.
참고문헌 (26)
- 이영철, "토니 모리슨의 신이여, 그 아이를 도와주소서: 모녀관계의 단절로 인한 딸의 트라우마와 ‘성욕 투사적 동일시’", 영어영문학연구, 42(3), pp.105~133 (2016), 대한영어영문학회[DOI]
- Bouson, J. Brooks, "Toni Morrison: Bloom’s Modern Critical Views", pp.121~148 (2005), Chelsea House
- Brooks, Gwendolyn, "Report from Part One; The Autobiography of Gwendolyn Brooks" (1972), Broadside Press
- Christian, Barbara, "Black Feminist Criticism, Perspectives on Black Women Writers" (1985), Pergamon
- Collective, Combahee River, "A Black Feminist Statement", Women’s Studies Quarterly, 42(3), pp.271~280 (2014)
- Collins, Patricia Hill, "Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment: Perspectives in Gender" (2009), Routledge
- Crenshaw, Kimberlé, "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics", The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 140, pp.139~167 (1989)
- Fears, Lillie, "Colorism of Black Women in News Editorial Photos", The Western Journal of Black Studies, 22(2), pp.30~36 (1998)
- Gay, Roxane, "God Help the Child by Toni Morrison Review ‘Incredibly Powerful’", Guardian. Web. 29 Apr. 2015, ~ (2015)
- Hochschild, Jennifer L., "The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order", Social Forces, 86(2), pp.1~28 (2007)
- hooks, bell, "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. 1984" (2015), Routledge
- hooks, bell, "Talking Back: Thinking Feminist Thinking Black" (1989), Sheba Feminist Publisher
- Hunter, Margaret, "The Persistent Problem of Colorism: Skin Tone, Status, and Inequality", Sociology Compass, 1(1), pp.237~254 (2007)
- Johnson, Barbara, "The Aesthetics of Toni Morrison: Speaking the Unspeakable", pp.3~11 (2000), Mississipi UP
- Micucci, Dana, "Conversations with Toni Morrison", pp.275~279 (1994), Mississippi UP
- Morrison, Toni, "God Help the Child" (2015), Vintage Books
- Morrison, Toni, "Playing in the Dark : Whiteness and the Literary Imagination" (1993), Vintage Books
- Ramírez, Manuela López, "‘Racialized Beauty’ : The Ugly Duckling in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child", Complutense Journal of English Studies, 25, pp.173~189 (2017)
- Ramírez, Manuela López, "What You Do to Children Matters: Toxic Motherhood in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child", The Grove, 22, pp.107~119 (2015)
- Ramírez, Manuela López, ""Childhood Cuts Festered and Never Scabbed Over”: Child Abuse in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child", Alicante Journal of English Studies, 29, pp.145~164 (2016)
- Rich, Adrienne, "Of Woman Born : Motherhood as Experience and Institution" (1986), W. W. Norton
- Tate, Claudia, "Black Women Writers at Work" (1983), Continuum
- Ulin, David L., "The Magic Is Missing in Toni Morrison’s ‘God Help the Child’", LA Times. Web. 23 Apr. 2015, ~ (2015)
- Umrigar, Thrity, "God Help the Child by Toni Morrison", Boston Globe. Web. 18 Apr. 2015, ~ (2015)
- Walker, Alice, "In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens: Womanist Prose" (1983), Phoenix
- Wyatt, Jean, "Love and Narrative Form in Toni Morrison’s Later Novel" (2017), Georgia UP