A Harmonic Parallelism Account of English Spirantization
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This paper accounts for English spirantization without using any intermediate stages between the input and output within the framework of harmonic parallelism. We have reviewed the previous analyses of English spirantization, especially a harmonic serialism analysis. We have found that, unlike an alternative multi-stratal model in particular, it provides a good tool of analysis in that it uses a single constraint hierarchy. However, it still needs to introduce intermediate steps or derivation-like steps. On the contrary, the harmonic parallelism approach provides a good account of phonological opacity shown in spirantization, which has been problematic for classic OT, by using the notion of ‘trace’. It is more advantageous in economy than the harmonic serialism approach in that it does not accept the notion of derivation-like serial application, maintaining the fundamental stance of classic OT by using the notion of ‘trace’. In doing so, we have revised the previous constraints and presented a more generalized constraint *[+lax, -high -mid]wd instead of a very specific*[ɛ]wd. The overall constraint ranking is *[t/d+/NLF], Id-IO(pl) ≫ Id-IO(cont), *[z+ɪv/ɪvCI] ≫ Id-IO(voice), *[+lax,-high -mid]wd ≫ Max-IO.
Abstract
This paper accounts for English spirantization without using any intermediate stages between the input and output within the framework of harmonic parallelism. We have reviewed the previous analyses of English spirantization, especially a harmonic serialism analysis. We have found that, unlike an alternative multi-stratal model in particular, it provides a good tool of analysis in that it uses a single constraint hierarchy. However, it still needs to introduce intermediate steps or derivation-like steps. On the contrary, the harmonic parallelism approach provides a good account of phonological opacity shown in spirantization, which has been problematic for classic OT, by using the notion of ‘trace’. It is more advantageous in economy than the harmonic serialism approach in that it does not accept the notion of derivation-like serial application, maintaining the fundamental stance of classic OT by using the notion of ‘trace’. In doing so, we have revised the previous constraints and presented a more generalized constraint *[+lax, -high -mid]wd instead of a very specific*[ɛ]wd. The overall constraint ranking is *[t/d+/NLF], Id-IO(pl) ≫ Id-IO(cont), *[z+ɪv/ɪvCI] ≫ Id-IO(voice), *[+lax,-high -mid]wd ≫ Max-IO.
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