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Matthew Arnold’s Sohrab and Rustum: Unfurling Characterization and Thematic Manifestations

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This article examines how Arnold’s narrative poem Sohrab and Rustum manifests unique features of two main characters in reference to concepts of unknown irresistible power and man’s relentless defiance. This poem, published during the early stage of Arnold’s literary career in 1853, resonates Sophoclean concepts of the clash between fate and human pride. While dealing with Arnoldian awareness of the Greek dramatic allusion, this paper also highlights his anticipation of later figures, for instance, Thyrsis and poetic speakers who reflect the spirit of Sohrab and Rustum but show their own unique personalities. It also argues that Arnold’s characterization in Sohrab and Rustum establishes key concepts of the bounds of human wishes and enterprises against their adverse forces. While scrutinizing this aspect, the paper relates this aspect to Arnold’s earlier works. In addition, it demonstrates that his portrayals of the characters foreshadows a wide range of the subsequent construction of his literary oeuvre which associates with the speaker’s elegiac lyric sensitivity to the era of spiritual turmoil and the author’s dynamic portrayals of the paradox and irony of man’s life and the world.

Abstract

This article examines how Arnold’s narrative poem Sohrab and Rustum manifests unique features of two main characters in reference to concepts of unknown irresistible power and man’s relentless defiance. This poem, published during the early stage of Arnold’s literary career in 1853, resonates Sophoclean concepts of the clash between fate and human pride. While dealing with Arnoldian awareness of the Greek dramatic allusion, this paper also highlights his anticipation of later figures, for instance, Thyrsis and poetic speakers who reflect the spirit of Sohrab and Rustum but show their own unique personalities. It also argues that Arnold’s characterization in Sohrab and Rustum establishes key concepts of the bounds of human wishes and enterprises against their adverse forces. While scrutinizing this aspect, the paper relates this aspect to Arnold’s earlier works. In addition, it demonstrates that his portrayals of the characters foreshadows a wide range of the subsequent construction of his literary oeuvre which associates with the speaker’s elegiac lyric sensitivity to the era of spiritual turmoil and the author’s dynamic portrayals of the paradox and irony of man’s life and the world.

참고문헌 (21)

  1. Arnold, Matthew, "The Poems of Matthew Arnold" (1965), Longmans
  2. Arnold, Matthew, "“Literature and Science,” and “The Study of Poetry.” The Complete Prose Works of Matthew Arnold Vols. 1, 6, 9, and 10", pp.1960~1974 (1960), U of Michigan P
  3. Arnold, Matthew, "The Letters of Matthew Arnold Vol. 1" (1996), Virginia UP
  4. Bidney, Martin, "Ukovskij and Arnold: Two Mid-Nineteenth Century Versions of the Sohrab-Rustum Episode", Forum for Modern Language Studies, 25(1), pp.16~33 (1989)
  5. Bristow, Joseph, "The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Poetry", pp.1~20 (1832), Cambridge UP
  6. Clark, Frank, "On Certain Imitations of Reminiscences of Homer in Matthew Arnold’s ‘Sohrab and Rustum’", The Classical Weekly, 17(1), pp.3~7 (1923)
  7. Dombrowski, Daniel. A, "The ‘In Between’ Status of Liberal Religion:Matthew Arnold’s Influence on Charles Hartshorne", Christian Scholar’s Review, 48(1), pp.17~29 (2018)
  8. Eid, Mohamed, "Culture and Society During Revolutionary Transformation: Rereading Matthew Arnold and Antonio Gramsci in the Context of the Arab Spring’s Cultural Production", International Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(2), pp.150~168 (2020)
  9. Frame, E. Fances, "Shaping the Self: Critical Perspectives and Community in ‘Sohrab and Rustum’", Victorian Poetry, 45(1), pp.17~28 (2007)
  10. Fraser, Hilary, "The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Poetry", pp.114~136 (2000), Cambridge UP
  11. Gilstrap, Shannon, "Charting Culture: Cartography and National Identity in Matthew Arnold’s ‘Ordnance Maps’", Victorian Review, 39(1), pp.87~100 (2013)
  12. Gouws, John, "Matthew Arnold’s Sohrab and Rustum, ll. 875-92", Notes and Queries, 30(4), pp.302~ (1983)
  13. Kline, Daniel, "‘Unhackneyed thoughts and winged words’: Arnold, Locke, and the Similes of ‘Sohrab and Rustum’", Victorian Poetry, 41(2), pp.173~195 (2003)
  14. Machann, Clinton, "Matthew Arnold", Victorian Poetry, 54(3), pp.331~333 (2016)[DOI]
  15. Najarian, James, "Overcoming Matthew Arnold: Ethics in Culture and Criticism, by James Walter Caufield", Victorian Studies, 56(2), pp.350~352 (2014)
  16. Nicholas, Shrimpton, "Sohrab and Rustum", Times Literary Supplement, 5721, pp.6~ (2012)
  17. Perkin, J. Russell, "Matthew Arnold, the Oxford Movement, and the ‘Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse’", Christianity &Literature, 65(2), pp.131~150 (2016)
  18. Reza, Taher-Kermani, "Persia by Way of Paris : On Arnold’s ‘Sohrab and Rustum’", Middle Eastern Literatures, 18(1), pp.22~40 (2015)
  19. Reza, Taher-Kermani, "Why the Oxus? On the Majestic River of Arnold’s ‘Sohrab and Rustum’", The Review of English Studies, 69(289), pp.316~335 (2018)
  20. Sneyd, Rose, "Matthew Arnold and Giacomo Leopardi : Modernist Lyric Poetics and Stoic Pessimism in ‘Dover Beach’", Victorian Poetry, 56(4), pp.455~475 (2018)
  21. Williams, Rhian, "‘Divine Liquidness of Diction . . . Divine Fluidity of Movement’: Reading Poetry after Matthew Arnold and the Higher Biblical Criticism", Literature & Theology, 27(3), pp.313~329 (2013)

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