들리지 않는 외침: 휫먼 시의 동물 시학
The Unheard Yawp: Zoopoetics in Whitman’s Poems
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Zoopoetics means the making of animals. Derrida’s experience of being caught, naked, in the gaze of the cat, which he expounded in The Animal That Therefore I Am, was the beginning of philosophical thinking about animal others, and it overthrew the traditional Western philosophy of logos-centrism and anthropocentrism. Zoopoetics takes both human and nonhuman animals to be not only the objects but also agents of representation, and its central tenet is that nonhuman animals are makers and that they have agency in that making. Therefore, in the poetic discourse of zoopoetics, animals no longer function as symbols or analogy but have their own poetic functions as makers. In zoopoetics, texts, bodies, and entanglement are central terms. Zoopoetics is intertwined with the relationship between animals and poetic language, and it is about entanglements of body and text. Heidegger’s “zwischen(between)”and Derrida’s “limitrophy” are the keys to untangle the entanglements. In Whitman’s animal poems, “A Noiseless Patient Spider,” “My Canary Bird,” and “The Dalliance of the Eagles,” the gestures of animals are the original power for making, and they become the texts by encounters and entanglements with the poets. As Whitman’s poems are barbaric yawp in the wilderness, the animal’s gestures and its making are an unheard yawp.
Abstract
Zoopoetics means the making of animals. Derrida’s experience of being caught, naked, in the gaze of the cat, which he expounded in The Animal That Therefore I Am, was the beginning of philosophical thinking about animal others, and it overthrew the traditional Western philosophy of logos-centrism and anthropocentrism. Zoopoetics takes both human and nonhuman animals to be not only the objects but also agents of representation, and its central tenet is that nonhuman animals are makers and that they have agency in that making. Therefore, in the poetic discourse of zoopoetics, animals no longer function as symbols or analogy but have their own poetic functions as makers. In zoopoetics, texts, bodies, and entanglement are central terms. Zoopoetics is intertwined with the relationship between animals and poetic language, and it is about entanglements of body and text. Heidegger’s “zwischen(between)”and Derrida’s “limitrophy” are the keys to untangle the entanglements. In Whitman’s animal poems, “A Noiseless Patient Spider,” “My Canary Bird,” and “The Dalliance of the Eagles,” the gestures of animals are the original power for making, and they become the texts by encounters and entanglements with the poets. As Whitman’s poems are barbaric yawp in the wilderness, the animal’s gestures and its making are an unheard yawp.
참고문헌 (25)
- 김동규, "동물시학 연구 : 하이데거 철학을 중심으로", 현대유럽철학연구, (49), pp.1~27 (2018), 한국하이데거학회[DOI]
- 김동규, "하이데거의 사이-예술론 : 예술과 철학 사이" (2009), 그린비
- 김동규, "후기 하이데거 철학의 동물론: 아감벤, 데리다 비판의 맹점", 철학탐구, 52, pp.177~208 (2018), 중앙철학연구소[DOI]
- 임은제, "데리다의 동물타자" (2022), 그린비
- 하이데거, 마틴, "철학의 근본 물음(Grundfragen der Philosophie)" (2018), 이학사
- Aspiz, Harold, "Whitman’s Eagles", The Mickle Street Review, 7, pp.84~90 (1985)[DOI]
- Bezan, Sarah, "Seeing Animals after Derrida" (2017), Lexington Books
- Brian Rotman, "Becoming Beside Ourselves: The Alphabet, Ghosts, and Distributed Human Being" (2008), Duke UP
- Cary, Wolfe, "Zoontologies : The Question of the Animal" (2003), U of Minnesota P
- Dario, Martinelli, "Anthropocentrism as a Social Phenomenon : Semiotic and Ethical Implications", Social Semiotics, 18(1), pp.79~99 (2008)
- David, Abram, "Becoming Animal : An Earthly Cosmology" (2010), Pantheon Books
- Derrida, Jacques, "The Animal That Therefore I am" (2008), Fordham UP
- Diehl, Paul, "‘A Noiseless Patient Spider’: Whitman’s Beauty—Blood and Brain", Walt Whitman Quarterly Review, 6, pp.117~132 (1989)[DOI]
- Fomeshi, Behnam M, "‘Till the Gossamer Thread You Fling Catch Somewhere’: Parvin E’tesami’s Creative Reception of Walt Whitman", Walt Whitman Quarterly Review, 35, pp.267~275 (2018)[DOI]
- Hawhee, Debra., "Language as Sensuous Action : Sir Richard Paget, Kenneth Burke, and Gesture-Speech Theory", Quarterly Journal of Speech, 92(4), pp.331~354 (2006)
- Hediger, Ryan, "Animals and Agency: An Interdisciplinary Exploration" (2009), Brill
- Kennedy, George A, "A Hoot in the Dark : The Evolution of General Rhetoric", Philosophy and Rhetoric, 25(1), pp.1~21 (1992)
- Killingsworth, Jimmie M., "‘As If the Beasts Spoke’: The Animal", Animist, Walt Whitman Quarterly Review, pp.2010, 28[DOI]
- Kristeva, Julia, "Revolution in Poetic Language" (1984), Columbia UP
- Moe, Aaron M, "Zoopoetics : Animals and the Making of Poetry" (2014), Lexington Books
- Moe, Aaron M, "Toward Zoopoetics : Rethinking Whitman’s ‘Original Energy’", Walt Whitman Quarterly Review, 31, pp.1~17 (2013)[DOI]
- Paul, Shepard, "Thinking Animals : Animals and the Development of Human Intelligence" (1978), Viking P
- Scherle, Phyllis J., "‘A Noiseless Patient Spider’ by Walt Whitman", Salem Press Encyclopedia of Literature, 2 (2019)[DOI]
- Whitman, Walt, "Leaves of Grass. A Norton Critical Edition", Norton
- Whitman, Walt, "Complete Poetry and Collected Prose" (1982), Library of America