A Stochastic Phonological Analysis on the Variations of Alveolar Plosives before Glides across Word Boundaries in American English
3
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the variation of alveolar plosives between vowels and glides across word boundaries in American English using data from the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech (Pitt et al. 2007) and a Maximum Entropy grammar (Hayes and Wilson 2008) framework. Through corpus analysis, we found that {t,d}-deletion, glottalization, flapping, and palatalization were the main variants in the sequences. A total of 5 types of variation were set by adding the case of no variation, and the distribution of variation according to voice of alveolar plosives and the type of glides (/w/ or /j/) that followed was examined. As a result, we observed that /t/ followed by /w/ predominantly showed glottalization, while with /d/ most remained unchanged. The /t/ and /j/ sequence revealed a rich set of variations, whereas /d/ followed by /j/ mostly remained unchanged or palatalized. Utilizing the MaxEnt grammar, we used the observed frequencies, constraint violations, and constraint weights to predict variant probability distributions. The probabilities predicted by MaxEnt grammar largely mirror the distributions observed in the Buckeye corpus, though some minor discrepancies were noted.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the variation of alveolar plosives between vowels and glides across word boundaries in American English using data from the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech (Pitt et al. 2007) and a Maximum Entropy grammar (Hayes and Wilson 2008) framework. Through corpus analysis, we found that {t,d}-deletion, glottalization, flapping, and palatalization were the main variants in the sequences. A total of 5 types of variation were set by adding the case of no variation, and the distribution of variation according to voice of alveolar plosives and the type of glides (/w/ or /j/) that followed was examined. As a result, we observed that /t/ followed by /w/ predominantly showed glottalization, while with /d/ most remained unchanged. The /t/ and /j/ sequence revealed a rich set of variations, whereas /d/ followed by /j/ mostly remained unchanged or palatalized. Utilizing the MaxEnt grammar, we used the observed frequencies, constraint violations, and constraint weights to predict variant probability distributions. The probabilities predicted by MaxEnt grammar largely mirror the distributions observed in the Buckeye corpus, though some minor discrepancies were noted.
참고문헌 (39)
- Anttila, Arto, "Variation, Change And Phonological Theory", pp.35~68 (1997), Benjamins
- Anttila, Arto, "Variation and opacity", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 24(4), pp.893~944 (2006)
- Boersma, Paul, "How we learn variation, optionality, and probability", Proceedings of the Institute of Phonetic Sciences of the University of Amsterdam, 21, pp.43~58 (1997)
- Boersma, Paul, "Empirical tests of the gradual learning algorithm", Linguistic Inquiry, 32, pp.45~86 (2001)
- Carr, Philip, "English phonetics and phonology" (1999), Blackwell Publishing
- Eddington, David, "American English has got a lot of glottal stops : Social diffusion and linguistic motivation", American Speech, 85(3), pp.338~351 (2010)
- Eddington, David, "T-glottalization in American English", American Speech, 84(3), pp.298~314 (2009)
- Goldwater, Sharon, "Learning OT constraint rankings using a maximum entropy model", Proceedings of the Workshop on Variation within Optimality Theory, pp.111~120 (2003), Stockholm University
- Guy, Gregory R, "Explanation in variable phonology : An exponential model of morphological constraints", Language Variation and Change, 3, pp.1~22 (1991)
- Guy, Gregory R, "Contextual conditioning in variable lexical phonology", Language Variation and Change, 3, pp.223~239 (1992)
- Hayes, Bruce, "A Maximum entropy model of phonotactics and phonotactic learning", Linguistic Inquiry, 39, pp.379~440 (2008)
- Hume, Elizabeth V, "Front vowels, coronal consonants, and their interaction in nonlinear phonology" (1992), Garland
- Jȁger, Gerhard, "Architectures, rules, and preferences:variations on themes by Joan W. Bresnan", pp.467~479 (2007), CSLI
- Jensen, John, "Against ambisyllabicity", Phonology, 17, pp.187~235 (2000)
- Kager, René, "Optimality theory" (1999), Cambridge University Press
- Kahn, Daniel, "Juncture", pp.91~105 (1980), Anma Libri
- 이민경, "A foot-based approach to English", t, 음성음운형태론연구, pp.2022, 28(2)[DOI]
- McCarthy, John J., "Faithfulness and reduplicative identity", UMOP, 18, pp.249~384 (1995)
- Mohanan, Karuvannur. P, "The theory of lexical phonology" (1986), D. Reidel Publishing Company
- Nagy, Naomi, "Optimality theory and variable word-final deletion in Faetar", Language Variation And Change, 9, pp.37~55 (1997)
- Pater, Joe, "Weighted constraints in generative linguistics", Cognitive Science, 33, pp.999~1035 (2009)
- Pater, Joe, "Harmonic Grammar and Harmonic Serialism", pp.1~46 (2016), Equinox
- Pater, Joe, "Harmonic Grammar with linear programming", Ms, pp.2007
- Pitt, Mark, "The buckeye corpus of conversational speech : Labeling conventions and a test of transcriber reliability", Speech Communication, 45, pp.90~95 (2005)
- Prince, Alan, "Optimality theory:constraint interaction in generative grammar" (2004), Oxford:Blackwell
- "A language and environment for statistical computing(Version 4.2.2)" (2023)[URL]
- Reynolds, Bill, "Variation and Optimality theory", pp.1994
- Roberts, Julie, "As old becomes new : glottalization in Vermont", American Speech, 81(3), pp.227~249 (2006)
- Seyfarth, Scott, "Physical and phonological causes of coda", t, Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology, pp.2020, 11(1)[DOI]
- 신승훈, "n", 을 후행하는, 의 발화양상: 코퍼스 연구를 기반으로, pp.현대영미어문학, 2015[DOI]
- 신승훈, "자음과 전이음 간 영어 설단폐쇄음 약화 양상: 단어 경계를 중심으로", 언어과학, 28(2), pp.115~138 (2021), 한국언어과학회[DOI]
- Smith, Jennifer L, "Onset sonority constraints and subsyllabic structure", Ms, pp.2003
- Smolensky, Paul, "Constraint interaction in generative grammar II:Local Conjunction or Random Rules in Universal Grammar", Handout of talk presented at Hopkins Optimality Theory Workshop, 1997, ~
- Smolensky, Paul., "The harmonic mind : from neural computation to Optimality-theoretic grammar" (2006), MIT Press
- Jing Sun, "Word-final Coronal Stop Variation across Words: Cases of American and British English", 언어과학, 27(2), pp.229~251 (2020), 한국언어과학회[DOI]
- Vaux, Bert, "Aspiration, flapping, and glottalization in English", Harvard University, ~ (1996)
- Wilson, Colin, "Learning phonology with substantive bias : An experimental and computational study of velar palatalization", Cognitive Science, 30, pp.945~982 (2006)
- Zue, Victor, "Acoustic study of medial", t, d, Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, pp.1979, 66[DOI]