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한국기업 해외 자회사의 현지 CSR 정책 및 투자의 효과와 경로에 관한 연구

The Path and Effect of Local CSR Policy and Investment of Korean Foreign Subsidiaries

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 신흥개발국에 진출한 한국기업 해외 자회사의 현지 CSR 활동과 장기적 성과 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 현지 공헌의 매개효과를 분석함으로써 현지 CSR 활동과 장기적 성과 간의 경로를 탐색하는데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 이해관계자 이론과 공유가치창출 관점을 채택하여 해외 자회사의 CSR 활동을 CSR 정책과 CSR 투자로 구분하여 범주화하였다. 신흥개발국에 진출한 147개 한국기업 해외 자회사에 대한 실증분석 결과, CSR 정책과 CSR 투자는 해외 자회사의 장기적 성과 및 현지 공헌에 정(+)의 유의한 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 매개효과 분석 결과, 현지 공헌은 현지 CSR 정책과 해외 자회사의 장기적 성과 간의 관계를 ‘부분 매개’하는 반면, 현지 CSR 투자와 해외 자회사의 장기적 성과 간의 관계는 ‘완전 매개’하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 현지 CSR 정책의 경우 현지 공헌을 포함한 다양한 경로를 통해 해외 자회사의 장기적 성과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 반면, 현지 CSR 투자의 경우는 현지 공헌의 경로를 통해서만 기업의 장기적 성과에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다국적 기업 해외 자회사의 입장에서 1, 2차 현지 이해관계자들의 압박에 효과적으로 대응하면서 현지에서의 공유가치창출을 통해 지속가능경영을 수행해 나가기 위해서는 CSR 정책과 CSR 투자가 함께 이루어져야 함을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 결과는 해외 자회사의 CSR 정책과 CSR 투자가 병행될 때에야 진정성 있는 CSR 활동으로 현지국 이해 관계자에게 다가갈 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of local contribution of Korean foreign subsidiaries on the relationships between their local CSR activities and strategic performance. This study uses stakeholder theory and creating shared value(CSV) perspective to conceptualize and divide the local CSR activities of foreign subsidiaries into CSR policies and CSR investments. Empirical analysis was conducted based on survey data collected from 147 Korean foreign subsidiaries in emerging economies. The results show that positive relationships exist between local CSR activities of Korean foreign subsidiaries and their strategic performance. As for the mediating effects, their local contribution ‘partially’ mediates the relationship between local CSR policies and strategic performance. On the other hand, it ‘totally’ mediates the relationship between local CSR investments and strategic performance. This study expands on extant CSR literature by identifying the paths in the relationship between the local CSR activities of foreign subsidiaries and their strategic performance.

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