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한국 기업의 수출성과 결정요인에 관한 메타분석: 중소기업을 중심으로

A Meta-Analysis on the Determinants of Export Performance of Korean Firms: Focusing on SMEs

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한국국제경영학회 (Korean Academy of International Business)|2023.02|국제경영연구 (International Business Journal)|제34권 제1호|pp. 27-63

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메타분석meta-analysisSMEs중소기업벤처기업Venture companies수출성과 결정요인determinants of export performance
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 수출성과 결정요인의 주요 이론을 기반으로 메타분석을 수행하여 기업의 특성에 따른 주요한 수출성과 결정요인의 차이와 연구 방법에 따른 효과크기 차이를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1992년부터 2021년 6월까지 수행된 한국 기업의 수출성과 관련 실증연구 197편으로부터 946개의 효과크기를 도출하였고 중소기업만을 대상으로 142편 연구물의 651개 효과크기를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 무선효과모형으로 분석한 한국 중소기업의 수출성과 결정요인의 전체 평균효과크기는 .336 (p < .001)으로 중간 수준 이상으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한국 중소기업의 수출성과 결정요인은 자원기반이론이 산업조직론보다 효과크기가 더 큰 것으로 나타났으나 글로벌 금융위기 이후에만 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 일반기업과 벤처기업의 수출성과 결정요인은 차이가 있었으며 벤처기업은 해외시장특성과 경영진의 국제경험이 일반기업보다 효과크기가 더 크게 나타났다. 넷째, 정량적 수출성과 측정보다 정성적 수출성과 측정에 의한 효과크기가 상당히 크게 나타났다. 다섯째, 2차 자료에 비해 1차 자료를 사용한 효과크기가 더 크게 나타났다. 본 연구는 수출성과 결정요인에 관한 이론을 기반으로 메타분석을 수행함으로써 수출성과 분야의 단편적이고 다양하며 일관성 없는 문제를 해결할 수 있는 범주화 프레임과 방법론을 제시하였다는 점에서 학문적 의의가 있다. 분석결과는 수출성과를 높이기 위한 기업의 전략 수립과 정부의 효과적인 수출지원정책 수립에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate both the differences in determinants of export performance according to the characteristics of the company and the differences in effect size according to research methods, through performing a meta-analysis based on the main theory of export performance. To this end, 946 effect sizes were derived from 197 empirical studies related to export performance of Korean companies, conducted from 1992 to June 2021, and 651 effect size of 142 studies were analyzed targeting only for SMEs. It was identified from the result of the analysis that first, the overall effect size of the determinants of export performance of Korean SMEs analyzed by the random effect model was .336(p <.001), which was found to be above the medium level. Second, the determinants of export performance of Korean SMEs were found to have a greater effect size based on resource-based theory than that of industrial organization theory, but there was a difference only after the global financial crisis. Third, there was a difference in the determinants of export performance between Traditional companies and Venture companies, and Venture companies showed greater effect size in overseas market characteristics and Management's international experience than Traditional ones. Fourth, the effect size of qualitative export performance measurement was significantly larger than that of quantitative export performance measurement. Fifth, the effect size using the primary data was larger than that of the secondary data. This study offers an academic significance in that it put forth categorized frames and methods that can solve fragmentary, diverse, and inconsistent problems in the field of export performance by conducting a meta-analysis based on the theory of export performance determinants. The analysis results are anticipated to be conducive to formulating corporate strategies to enhance their export performance and also help the South Korean government to devise policies geared toward strengthening export support.

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