WTO 및 한국의 수산보조금에 관한 고찰
A Study on WTO and Korea`s Fishery Subsidies
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초록
UR협상 이래 현재까지 지속되어 온 WTO 수산보조금 규제협상은 2006년 말 협상시한을 앞두고 막바지 세부 협상을 통해 최종 결론을 도출해야 하는 시점에 있다. 수산보조금의 세부 규제사항 및 적용 유예기간 등은 국가마다 다소 차이가 있겠으나, 궁극적으로 수산업계는 정부지원에 의존하지 않는 자유경쟁체제 하에서의 수산생산이라는 새로운 환경에 직면하게 될 것이다. WTO에서 논의되는 수산보조금 규제는 대체로 FFG 국가들이 주장하는 포괄적 금지 방식에 의해 주도되고 있다. 포괄적 금지방식에 의해 협상이 이루어진다면, 우리나라에서 시행되는 대부분의 수산보조금이 축소 내지는 철폐되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 그러나 FAO나 OECD 등의 다양한 연구에도 불구하고 수산보조금에 대해 아직도 일관된 정의가 없고, 수산보조금이 무역왜곡이나 자원고갈에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 객관적으로 증명되지 못하고 있다. 따라서 남은 기간 동안 최대한 유리하게 협상을 마무리 짓기 위해 우리나라와 의견을 같이하는 대만, 일본 등과의 공조체제를 강화하고, EC 및 개도국 등 중립적인 입장의 국가들과도 세부사항 협상시 상호 입장을 배려할 수 있는 여건을 조성하도록 노력해야 한다. 국내적으로는 과잉어획을 조장하는 보조금을 점진적으로 철폐하고, 어업자원 관리 및 조성 등 지속가능한 어업을 실현하고 수산업 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 방향으로 보조금 체제를 개선해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
The final conclusions of WTO negotiation on fishery subsidies have to be drawn until the end of 2006, the deadline on this issue. Although modalities differ from countries, national fisheries industry will ultimately face open competition without governmental financial transfers.The argument on fishery subsidies in WTO is lead by countries so called Friends of Fish Group and they assert a broad prohibition of all governmental support which refer to a top-down method. If the negotiation were settled by that method, most of fishery subsidies in Korea would be reduced or abolished. In spite of various researches carried out by FAO and OECD, there is neither clear definitions about fishery subsidies nor objective proof of their influence on trade distortions and resource exhaustion.Hence, to conclude negotiations with advantage until the deadline, we do our best to strengthen a mutual-assistance system with countries favorable to us such as Taiwan and Japan, and to develop circumstances considering mutual understanding when we negotiate modalities with a neutral state such as EC and developing countries.The government also have to gradually abolish national subsidies causing overfishing, to realize sustainable fishery by managing and promoting fisheries resources and finally improve the system of fishery subsidies in the direction of increasing the competitiveness of fishery.
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