고대 신전재건의 계시를 통해서 본 학개서의 목적
The Purpose of Haggai in light of ‘Revelation,’ ANE's Temple Rebuilding Ideology
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초록
이 논문은 고대근동의 신전재건 이데올로기 중의 하나인 계시의 관점에서 학개서 저술의 목적을 분석한다. 저자는 고대근동에서 신전재건이 신의 계시가 왕에게 전달되어 왕이 동의한 이후 착수되었으며, 따라서 신전은 왕이 재건하는 것임을 전제한다. 이 관점에서 저자는 예루살렘 성전을 재건하라는 학개의 선포가 다윗왕가의 잠재적 계승자인 스룹바벨에게 전달되었다고 주장한다. 결론적으로 학개에 의하면 야훼의 계시가 스룹바벨에게 전달되었기 때문에 이제 예루살렘의 성전은 페르시아의 신전이 아닌 야훼의 신전이 되는 것이다.
Abstract
The research problem concerns the ideological background of the temple rebuilding records between Ancient Near East and Ancient Israel in light of god’s revelation. Both regions have left numerous temple rebuilding records; among others, three major building inscriptions as for Neo Babylonia contemporaneously during the 6th century BCE (Nabopolassar’s, Nebucahadnezzar II’s, and Nabonidus’) and Gudea cylinders (A&B) as for the ancient Mesopotamia in the 3rd Millennium; in ancient Israel there were so-called 2nd temple reconstruction records in OT, especially the Book of Haggai will be dealt with for this research. The significant ideological relationship is expected to shed a new light to some interpretational aspects of Haggai, widely presumed to be one of the major historiographical sources in Ancient Israel. Especially the following questions are put in order in regards to Haggai: first, who was the primary incipient of Haggai’s message; second, who would be the legitimate temple rebuilder of the Jerusalem temple in the Persian period, third and last, what was the purpose of book of Haggai in connection with the aforementioned questions. The research showed that a king was the ultimate recipient of a revelation in regard to projected temple rebuilding in Ancient Near East as well as in Israel. It is by no means a surprise considering the long standing tradition in terms of divine-king ideology in this civilization. This in turn points to the strong indication that a would-be recipient of YHWH’s message to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem should be none other than the person of Zerubbabel, then Persia-appointed governor over Judah and Jerusalem. This conclusion has much to do with the purpose of book of Haggai itself. Haggai will be the only book in OT which illustrates that the rebuilt temple in the Persian-period Judah was the temple of YHWH, not the temple of a Persian god. YHWH had revealed his intention to build his temple in Jerusalem to his sole deputy on earth, the prospective carrier of kingship in Judah. Haggai successfully ushers in a new phase of history in Ancient Israel by officially declaring cessation from the past; his people and the nation at large are once again set to enter into a new relationship with YHWH. Haggai is diplomatically skillful in that his aspiration for a restored Davidic dynasty is described in somewhat sophisticated prophetic oracles towards the nations as well as towards Zerubbabel.
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