르호보암 시대의 도시계획과 함축된 의미: 2017년 텔 라기스 발굴을 중심으로
A Planned City in the period of Rehoboam and Its Implication: A View from Tel Lachish Excavation in 2017
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초록
본 논문은 2017년도 텔 라기스 발굴을 통하여 새롭게 알려진 다섯 번째 지층의 계획화된 도시의 모습과 3방 가옥의 모습을 바탕으로 이 발견이 가지는 의미를 논의하였다. 계획화된 도시의 모습은 남유다 왕국 건설시기와 연관되며 3방 가옥 구조는 정결 규례 등의 율법 준수와 관련된 것으로 이해된다. 가나안 도시의 파괴 이후 르호보암이 라기스를 3방 가옥을 지닌 계획화된 성읍으로 라기스를 건설하여 남유다의 중요도시로 자리 잡게 하였다.
Abstract
It is worthy of being very careful for biblical archaeologists to try to connect archaeological results with a biblical person or his/her period. If we would properly relate archaeological results from excavations at Tel Lachish to King Rehoboam, by taking biblical, historical, and archaeological considerations into account, the fifth level could be a reasonable candidate for his days. This paper reports that the 4th excavations at Tel Lachish in the year of 2017 revealed a series of three-room houses at Level 5 which were abutting against the city wall built with a regular width, 10 royal cubits, and discusses their biblical-archaeological implications. Combination of a public construction, a city wall, with private buildings in a three-room house type, built with a width of 5.2 meter in Level 5, indicates a planned city during the period of King Rehoboam. This leads us to assume that Lachish must be in the second category (a central city) out of the four stages of the city (the capital, a central city, a local city, and a fortress) indicated by Yigal Shiloh. This refutes the assertion of minimalists that the establishment of Judean kingdom was not possible until the 8th century BCE based on archaeological results, inter alia, from the City of David and Tel Lachish. In a chronological point of view in longue durée, it is understood that a tradition of constructing a planned city in Judah began at Khirbet Qeiyafa during the time of King David, at Tel Gezer during the time of King Solomon, and at Tel Lachish during the time of King Rehoboam. Later, Tell Beit Mirsim, Tel Beersheba, and so forth can be perceived to follow this tradition, indicating the construction of a well planned city. Albeit controversy among scholars, a pillared four-room/threeroom house considered to be a typical private house type of the ancient Israelites, which was based on the regional and chronological analysis, was revealed for the first time from Area BC in the Tel Lachish excavations in 2017. The finding of a series of pillared three-room houses at Lachish, known as the second important and traditional city in Judah, supports the argument that a pillared four-room/threeroom house is ethnographically associated with the ancient Israelites. In addition, the fact that pillared three-room houses were constructed against a city wall of Level 5 might indicate the religious intention of King Rehoboam to keep a law of purification.
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