솔로몬 성전 이스라엘의 거룩한 공간
The Solomonic Temple as Sacred Space
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초록
종교학에서 매우 중요한 범주인 거룩한 공간의 개념이 구약성경에서 어떻게 나타나는지 살펴볼 가치가 있다. 본 논문은 엘리아데의 이론을 바탕으로 예루살렘 성전의 종교적, 상징적 기능, 즉 신과 인간의 소통이 가능해지는 세상의 중심이요, 중심축으로서의 역할을 논의한다. 연구 결과 구약성경에도 엘리아데가 정리한 거룩한 공간의 개념이 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
_______________________________________________________________________________________ The Solomonic Temple as Sacred Space _______________________________________________________________________________________ Seung-Il Kang Lecturer at Presbyterian College and Theological Seminary Johns Hopkins University, Ph.D. Sacred space has become an important category in the study of religion since the mid-twentieth century, thanks largely to the work of Mircea Eliade. In the field of biblical studies, however, works on this subject are few and far between. Thus, how the authors of the Hebrew Bible conceptualized sacred space in their literature merits careful consideration. Heuristically applying the theories of sacred space as defined by historians of religion, especially Eliade, this paper examines how the Solomonic Temple as sacred space in ancient Israelite religion and society served both practical and symbolic roles. The most fundamental function of the temple is to provide a dwelling place for a deity or deities. Various ritual activities performed within the Tabernacle and the Temple presupposes Yahweh's actual presence within the Temple. When it comes to the Temple's cosmic significance, some biblical passages (Ps 22: 28-29, 59: 14b; Ezek 5: 5) and the myth-ridden term "the navel of the earth"(Judg 9: 37; Ezek 38: 12) indicate that Jerusalem and the Solomonic Temple were indeed considered to be the center of the world. The conception of sacred space as the cosmic axis is discernible in the Hebrew Bible, although not as explicitly as it is in Mesopotamian literature. The classic example of the biblical model of an axis mundi is provided in the popular story of Jacob's encounter with God at Bethel (Gen 28). The most illuminating examples of an Israelite axis mundi come from the Temple proper. In Isaiah's vision (Isa 6), the Temple becomes the locus of communication between divinity and humanity. Especially, the threshold of Ezekiel's New Temple serves as a demarcation line between human and divine areas, the point where celestial, terrestrial, and subterranean realities intersect both horizontally and vertically. The biblical examples discussed in this study demonstrate that the authors of the Hebrew Bible shared with her neighbors and others the concept of sacred space as delineated by Eliade and conceived the Temple as the center of the world as well as the axis mundi where the communication between human and divine realms takes place. It is hoped that further studies will investigate how this idea of Jerusalem and the Temple as sacred space is elaborated in later rabbinic Judaism.
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