GPS 위치추적 전자감시의 범죄억제 효과에 대한 연구
A Study on the Crime Deterrent Effect of GPS Electronic Monitoring Program
0
조회
0
다운로드
35
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
우리나라에서는 2008년 9월부터 성폭력 범죄자에 대한 강화된 지역사회 교정정책으로 GPS 위치추적 전자감시를 새롭게 도입하였다. 본 연구는 새롭게 시행된 한국형 전자감시 프로그램이 실제 범죄자의 재범 의도를 포기하게 만드는지 그 범죄억제 효과를 측정하기 위해 시도된 것이다. 연구 목표를 세분하면 첫째, 성폭력 범죄자들에게 전자감시 프로그램이 얼마나 고통스러운 경험이었는지 물어보고 이로 인해 본인들의 범죄행동이 사회에서 얼마나 억제되었다고 인식하는지 조사한다. 처벌인식 수준에 따라 성폭력 범죄자의 행동변화 점수가 어떻게 달라지는지 추가적으로 분석한다. 둘째, 성폭력 범죄자가 전자감시로 인해 그들의 가족 및 교우관계가 일상생활 패턴 측면에서 얼마나 바뀌었는지 살펴본다. 마지막 세 번째 목표는 일상생활의 불편함 정도를 전자발찌 피부착자가 얼마나 인식했고 발찌 착용으로 인한 주관적 수치심 정도가 어떠했는지 검토하는 것이다. 각 변수에 대한 응답 내용을 살펴보고 부가적으로 위치추적 전자감시에 대한 처벌 인식 정도가 긍정적 행동・태도변화 점수에 있어서 통계적으로 유의미한 집단 차이를 보였는지 독립표본 t 검증을 통해 확인해 본다. 본 연구에서는 2009년 4월 20일부터 7월 18일까지 약 3개월 동안 전국 27개(지소 포함) 보호관찰소에서 전자감시를 종료한 모든 성폭력 범죄자 63명을 대상으로 익명의 설문조사를 실시하였다. 응답자 전체의 61.9%는 7점 이상의 높은 점수를 줘 프로그램 종료자 대다수가 전자발찌 착용을 매우 고통스런 힘든 처벌로 인식했음을 확인할 수 있다. 심지어 “전자발찌 착용보다 교도소에서 잔형기를 마치는 것이 더 낫다”고 응답한 경우가 전체의 36.5%에 해당하였다. 그리고 t-test 결과, 교도소보다는 전자발찌 부착을 더 선호하며 자신의 처벌에 대해 어느정도 긍정적 태도를 보였던 집단이 그렇지 않은 집단보다 더 높은 범죄억제력 점수를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 전자발찌 착용에 대한 극단적인 반대와 불만감정을 보호관찰 초기 개시 단계에서 어떻게 적절하게 변화시키고 동기부여 시키느냐가 관건이라고 하겠다. 이하 관련 위치추적 전자감시 프로그램 성과와 향후 과제에 대해 논의한다.
Abstract
Electronic monitoring (EM) by using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology has been initiated in Korea since september 1, 2008. It was originally developed as a means of intensive supervision for sex offenders who were released from prison. However, very little research has been conducted on how the sex offenders perceive the experience of GPS electronic monitoring in terms of its crime deterrent effect. In this sense, this study aims at exploring the effectiveness of GPS electronic monitoring by measuring the crime deterrent effect of the EM on sexual offenders. The 24-hours tracing system by identifying a signal from the ankle unit encourages sex offenders to have better relationship with their family members and friends in community. Therefore, this study assesses the extent of change in the life style pattern of sex offenders who carry a GPS cell phone unit for certain period of time. In an effort to merge multiple goals of the research, the current study conducts survey toward all sex offenders who experienced GPS electronic monitoring between April 20 and July 18 in Korea. The number of sex offenders who were assigned to GPS EM for that period of time was 63 and the survey was conducted from 27 probation offices by using anonymous questionnaires. The result of statistic analysis indicates that more than 60% of participants in GPS EM speculated the EM is overwhelmingly retributive and painful to stand. Furthermore, the outcome of the study shows relatively high level of crime deterrent effect of EM on sex offenders. I assestingly, the sex offenders who have felt that the experience of EM was harsher and more severe than that of incarceration tinted out less extent of crime deterrent effect than the sex offenders who said that prison experience was more retributive than EM. It is anticipated thaM wassociated with the data analysis, the findings from the current evaluation highlight some of the apparent advantages and limitatio findithe EM b appaon GPS erience gy in Korea.
참고문헌 (35)
- "범죄백서", 법무연수원, ~ (2008)
- 법무부, "특정 성폭력범죄자 위치추적제도 시행 안내", ~ (2008)
- 법무부, "특정 성폭력범죄자 위치추적시스템 홍보자료", ~ (2009)
- 법무부, "보호관찰제도", 성범죄자 위치추적제도, 2009
- "보호관찰통계연보", 법무부, ~ (2007)
- American Probation, "Tracking Sex Offenders with Electronic Monitoring Technology, Implication and Practical Use for Law Enforcement", International Association of Chiefs of Police, ~ (2008)
- Andrews, D. A, "The Psychology of Criminal Conduct" (1998), Anderson
- Andrews, D. A, "Classification for Effective Rehabilitation: Rediscovering Psychology", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 17, pp.19~52 (1990)
- Bonta, J, "Can Electronic Monitoring Make a Difference? An Evaluation of Three Canadian Programs", Crime and Delinquency, 46, pp.61~75 (2000)
- Restructuring Probation as an Intermediate Sanction: An Evaluation of the Massachusetts Intensive Probation Supervision Program, "Byrne, J", final report to the National Institute of Justice,U.S. Department of Justice, Research Program on the Punishment and Control of Offenders, ~ (1989)
- Clarke,R.V, "Introduction in Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies" (1992), Harrow and Heston
- Clarke, R. V, "Routine Activity and Rational Choice:Advances in Criminological Theory", ~ (1997)
- Clear, T, "Community Corrections. In Crime: Twenty-eight Leading Experts Look at the Most Pressing Problem of our Times", Institute for Contemporary Studies, 306~ (1995)
- Clear, T. R, "Intensive Supervision: Surveillance versus Treatment", Justice Quarterly, 10(3), pp.441~459 (1993)
- DeMichele, M, "Electronic Monitoring of Sex Offenders: Identifying Unanticipated Consequences and Implications", Probation and Parole: Current Issues, 119~135 (2008)
- Elzinga, H, "Probation Supervision through GPS", European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 14(4), pp.366~381 (2006)
- Erwin,B, "New Dimensions in Probation: Georgia's Experience with Intensive Probation Supervision, Research in Brief", National Institute of Justice, ~ (1987)
- Finn, M. A, "The Effectiveness of Electronic Monitoring with Violent Male Parolees", Justice Quarterly, 19, pp.293~312 (2002)
- Gainey, R. R, "The Relationship between Time in Jail, Time on Electronic Monitoring, and Recidivism: An Event History Analysis of a Jail-Based Program", Justice Quarterly, 17(4), pp.733~752 (2000)
- Goddard, C, "The Gender Neglect and Textual Abuse of Children in the Print Media", Child Abuse Review, 9(1), pp.37~48 (2000)
- Final evaluation report of MDOC's GPS pilot project: Phase II, michigan department of corrections, "Hwalek, M", SPEC Associates, ~ (2002)
- Kleck, G, "The Missing Link in General Deterrence Research", Criminology, 43(3), pp.623~660 (2005)
- McAlinden,A, "Managing Risk: From regulation to the reintegration of sexual offenders", Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6(2), pp.197~218 (2006)
- Nellis,M, "Out of this World: The Advent of the Satellite Tracking of Offenders in England and Wales", Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(2), pp.125~150 (2005)
- Padgett, J. G, "Under Surveillance:An Empirical Test of the Effectiveness and Consequences of Electronic Monitoring", Criminology and Public Policy, 5(1), pp.61~92 (2006)
- Renzema, M, "Can Electronic Monitoring Reduce Crime for Moderate to High Risk Offenders?", Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1(2), pp.215~237 (2005)
- Rogers, R, "Electronic Monitoring: A Review of the Empirical Literature", Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 5, pp.141~153 (1989)
- Rossi, P. H, "Evaluation- A Systematic Approach" (2004), Sage Publications, Inc.
- Sherman, L. W, "Preventing Crime: What works, what doesn't,what'r promising", National Institute of Justice, ~ (1997)
- Sugg, D, "Electronic Monitoring and Offending Behavior: Preconviction Results for the Second Year of Trials of Curfew Orders", Research Findings, 141 (2001), Home Office
- Tonry, M, "Evaluating intermediate sanction programs. In Community Corrections: Probation, parole and intermediate sanctions" (1998), Oxford University Press
- Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology Use in Monitoring the Activities of Probationers, "The Florida Senate", Committee on Criminal Justice, ~, pp.Interim Project Report 2005-126 (2004)