성폭력, 개인의 문제인가 사회적 문제인가?-구약의 ‘여성 성폭력-전쟁’의 패턴에 대한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study the texts of rape on females in Genesis 34, Judges 19 and 2 Samuel 13, and thus to reveal that the sexual violence in the Bible is not just a personal crime, but a social crime that occurs in a variety of power relations in a malecentered, patriarchal culture. In Chapter 2, I examined the social background and the context in which each event took place, and I noted that the Old Testament era was malecentered, patriarchal society, and I found that the communities in which the three events took place were not healthy, ethically and religiously. In Chapter 3, I dealt with rape cases focusing on perpetrators. and I found that the perpetrator with power had rape a weak woman. Shechem was the head of the region and thus the man of power. Gibeah residents had power over outsiders because they were the men of Gibeah, and Amnon had mighty power because he was the first son of David, who was about to succeed the throne. In chapter 4, I found that all the victims were weakest persons in their community, And the perpetrators and the guardians of the victims completely ignored their words and forced them into silence. Jacob, Dinah's father was completely indifferent to the situation, and David, Tamar's father ignored the victim, Tamar, and overturned the sin of Amnon, the perpetrator. In Chapter 6, I summarized the six reasons why individual sex offenses turned into communal wars. First, there is no apology or reflection from the perpetrator. Second, the guardians deal with the crime for the perpetrator or for themselves, not for the victim. Third, on behalf of female victims, male guardians act as victims, and that for their revenge and profits. Fourth, male guardians always revenge excessively. Fifth, there is no leader who ethically and legitimately resolve the crime. Sixth, God is absent. In conclusion, the pattern in which rape cases are linked to wars, is due to a patriarchal, male-centered society that turns away victims, and that makes unreasonable and unethical decisions based on perpetrators. Therefore, sexual offenses should not be treated as individual deviations, because individuals and their society can not be separated from each other.