김남조 시의 실존의식 연구 - 1950년대 시를 중심으로

Abstract

Kim Nam-jo's poetry, which has a long history of more than 70 years, has been discussed around two pillars ‘religious imagination’ and ‘love.’ However, detailed changes in each period have been overlooked. This paper examines the transformation of the sense of existence of the poetic self that appears in her early poems. Through this transformation, the paper aims to grasp the foundation of Kim's poetry. In particular, early poetry occupies an important position in that she was an unknown poet who could have been free from anti-communist ideology at the time. The will of the self that appears in Kim's early days shares the subject with Heidegger's existentialism. This perception eventually affects the entire world of Kim’s poetry; beyond the scars of war. In her early poems, the emotions of the poetic self change significantly. This is the process in which the poetic self finds existence. The goal of ‘maturity’ and ‘altruism’ are never achieved through a peaceful process. In Life(􋺷목숨􋺸) ‘anxiety’ is used as an emotion caused by a visible death through war. In particular, in "Life" ( 목숨 ), the ‘anxiety’ caused by the finiteness of human life appears as a thorough will to survive. This feeling of anxiety leads to ‘anger’ by the poetic self who speaks of ‘bold anger’ in "Darkness"( 어둠 ) which can be explained by the concept of ‘transition anger’ as Nussbaum said. In other words, the emotion of ‘anger’ functions as a force to move forward in a positive direction, and this point can be said to be the basis for Kim's later poems to express altruism. On the other hand, this emotion of ‘anger’ is directed at the poetic self, and in "Bad Night"( 사야 ), the poetic self reveals a passive attitude and reveals despair. In order for this self-awareness to change, patient time is needed. This spirit of patience is embodied as ‘solitude.’ In the second collection of poems, Nard(􋺷나아드의 향유􋺸) the time of ‘solitude’ appears on the premise of reflection and patience. This solitude is an active act to overcome the anxiety caused by death consciousness. It also leads to an attitude of repentance. According to Jaspers, solitude occurs when humans who face a ‘limit situation’ continue their willingness to go to the truth while being frustrated. Furthermore, through this ‘solitude’, the authentic existence can be reached and true communication can be possible. The poetic self in Nard is reborn as a person who claims to be a ‘sign of the road’ through "Leaves"( 낙엽은 쌓여라 ) and "Praying"( 축원 ). The poetic self sings ‘maturity’ with restrained emotions in Tree and Wind(􋺷나무와 바람􋺸). The image of autumn, which was continuously evoked in the poems in the 1950s, is connected to the meaning of ‘maturity’ in "About This Time Every Year"( 해마다 이맘때쯤 ). Furthermore, this inner maturity enables the poetic self that embraces the sadness of others, that is, the scars of war, in "Untitled 1"( 무제1 ) as an in-depth expansion of the altruism seen in Nard. This paper is meaningful in that it examined the transformation process of the early poetry, which was key for Kim becoming a ‘poet of love’ through these series of processes.