보호관찰공무원의 폭력피해 경험이 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향
An Examination of the Violence Experience and Occupational Stress among Korean Probation and parole Officers
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이 연구는 보호관찰공무원의 직무스트레스 정도와 직무스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하는데 목적을 두고 있으며, 직무스트레스와 관련요인에 대한 분석 자료를 통하여 직무스트레스를 낮추는 방안을 모색하고자 하는데 그 의의가 있다. 자료는 2006년 5월 8일부터 5월 12일까지 전국의 36개 보호관찰소와 보호관찰지소의 보호관찰공무원을 대상으로 설문지 조사를 실시하였고, 73.5%의 회수율을 보였다. 보호관찰공무원이 직무를 수행하는 도중 경험하는 폭력피해를 살펴보면 직접적인 신체적 폭력을 경험한 비율은 6.6%, 간접적인 폭력형태인 욕설이나 모욕적 언행을 당한 비율은 무려 60.3%에 달했다. 또한 52%의 보호관찰공무원이 보호관찰 기간 중 보호관찰대상자로부터의 신체적 불안감을 느낀다고 호소했고, 44.8%는 보호관찰기간 종료 후 보복을 당할 수 있다는 불안감을, 52.1%는 보호관찰대상자의 부당행위에 어떠한 대처도 할 수 없다는 무력감을 느끼는 것으로 파악되었다. 즉 보호관찰공무원의 직무스트레스의 유발요인으로서 폭력피해 경험 및 피해 두려움에 대한 고려가 필요한 것을 알 수 있다. 보호관찰공무원의 직무스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 상급자의 민주적이고 공정한 감독여부가 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있었고, 연령이 높아질수록, 보호관찰과 사회봉사명령을 담당할수록, 주어진 업무량이 적절하지 않다고 생각할수록, 주어진 업무에 대한 책임감이 강할수록, 보호관찰정책에 대해 부정적으로 인식할수록, 모욕을 당한 경험이 있을수록, 보복에 대한 두려움을 느낄수록 직무 스트레스가 커지는 것으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
The Purpose of this study is to identity levels of stress and factors associated with occupational stress of Korean probation and parole officers. The results found in this study are expected to provide information and guidelines to reduce occupational stress. Data was obtained through a mail-survey conducted during five days (May 8, 2006 ~ May 12, 2006) and there was a 73.5% response rate. The participants were probation and parole officers from 36 Korean probation and parole departments across the nation. This study revealed that one of factor of occupational stress is probation and parole officers’ experience of violence from offenders. The occurrence of violence also revealed as follow：6.6% of probation and parole officers experienced physical violence and 60.3% experienced violence indirectly such as verbal abuse and insult. In addition, 52% of probation and parole officers experienced physical fear from probation offenders throughout probationary sentences and 44.8% experienced fear of retaliations at the end of the probationary period. However, this data also revealed that 52.1% of probation and parole officers perceived that they cannot do anything against probation offenders. Thus, probation and parole officers were exposed to serious violence. As a result, violence inflicted from probation offenders should be considered a factor of occupational stress. First and foremost, this study found that the largest effect of occupational stress factor is unequal treatment from superior office. The other related occupational factors are when age goes up, when they are in charge of probation and community service orders, when they believe caseloads are not appropriate, when they have increased responsibilities, when they form negative perceptions about probation and parole policies when they experience insults, and when they sense fear of retaliations.
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