고려 무신정권기(武臣政權期)의 경찰조직과 그 기능에 관한 연구

Abstract

The military coup led by Jung, Joongbu in 1170 has been very significant to Korean history. In accordance with this big historical event, it is true that the military coup has transformed various fields such as politics, society, economy and culture in the Korean dynasty period. The police organization experienced the same transformation without exception. The police activities such as law enforcement and crime prevention and control were conducted by Kwonjae(an organization that is for about the installation, organization and the call of duty of administrative agencies) and Byungjae(the organizations in charge of military) that carried out police duties in the early Korean dynasty period. However, the official government organizations in the early Korean dynasty period such as Kwonbu and Byung had lost their power since the military regime governed the nation. At that time, all official government organizations without Choongbang and Yabeolcho nominally existed. As a matter of fact, Choongbang and Yabeolcho practically exerted political operation and police authorities. Dobang, Gyojungbeolgam, Jungbang and Mabeolcho played the same role in the private sectors. Yabeolcho is the origin of Sambeolcho which was one of the most powerful ruling authorities during the military regime period. Yabeolcho was originally formed by military the general Choi, Woo to prevent theft cases. There are several theories about Yabeolcho, most of which claim that it was merely privatized government military. It conducted criminal arrest, violence prevention, jail control, criminal interview, and VIP protection. It was also the essential combat troop against Mongolian military. Above all missions, Yabeolcho has a special meaning in terms of police history. For one thing, the police activities were limited to the capital city of the Korean dynasty by Gwanjae and Byungjae until the early Korea dynasty time. Its main duties were crime prevention and control. But the most distinctive characteristic is that the police activities for crime prevention and control were expanded to the local area, after Yabeolcho had been established by the military regime. In this context, it seems that Yabeolcho provided the motive making the police independent. Secondly, there is an example verifying the continuity of police history. Soonmaso influenced by the administration system of the Chinese government Won was established in King Choongyeol tenure and conducted area patrol, criminal arrest and jail control in the Gaegyung capital district, after Yabeolcho had been abolished by King Wonjong in the late Korea dynasty period. It is reasonable to discuss the fact that thirty three soonpos which are equivalent with current police regional agencies were established to control national public safety. In accordance with these points, it is possible to confirm the continuity of police history. It is necessary to research the police organization and function in military the regime period of Korean dynasty. In addition, the other points of historical significance are described in the context.