朝鮮時代 가마터 作業場의 構造와 特徵

Abstract

In order to understand structure and characteristics of workshopsuncovered at kiln sites of Joseon period, about 20 kiln sites excavated arereviewed examined in detail. According to historical literature, a workshop iscalled ‘Gongjakcheong’(工作聽, Manufacturing facilities) and it includedfacilities such as an office taking charge of administration, warehouses,temporary buildings, and private residenences. Kiln sites with workshops have been reported mainly in Gyeonggi,Chungcheong, and Jeolla provinces along with a few in Gyeongsang andGangwon provinces. In general, workshops with rectangular floor plan withondol(Korean floor heating system) consisted of Subigong pitrefining clay,Yeontojang(a space to store clay), a space for manufacturing, andYuyaktong(a container for glaze) for allowing the whole processes of ceramicmaking in a space. Sometimes, a round-shaped Subigong is combined with acase made of square or polygonal slabs for refining clay rather than only around-shaped Subigong, and it is considered as a regional characteristic ofworkshops in the western Chungcheong province. According to classification, there are two types of workshops as follows：1) Type Ⅰworkshop：a kiln and one or two workshops within an area, 2)Type Ⅱ workshop：a group of workshops separated from a kiln. While typeⅠ workshops had been constructed during the whole Joseon period, Type Ⅱworkshops appeared after middle of the 16th century. The type Ⅱ workshopswere mainly reported at local private kilns rather than kilns owned andmanaged by central and local government(官窯, Gwanyo), and as many as 51workshops forming a group were reported at a kiln site at Gwangdae-ri in Cheongyang. Type Ⅱ workshops are divided into two subtypes. While typeⅡ-1 workshop was built in some size of area for allowing several workingprocesses, type Ⅱ-2 workshops occasionally reported in Jeolla provinces hadindependent facilities for refining clay and glazing. Though Subigongs refining clay seem to have been prepared in mostworkshops, Subigongs were not found at Kiln No. 5 and No. 9 atBeoncheon-ri and a kiln at Jeokam-ri in Boeun, Gwanyos to producegrayish-blue-powdered celadon. There is a possibility that agrayish-blue-powdered celadon was manufactured without a process ofreefing clay, or a Gwanyo did not have to prepare a separate refining facilitybecause already refined clay was provided.