석가여래 탄생기에 관한 간다라 불전도상(佛傳圖像)의 해석

Abstract

Among the Gandharan Buddhist arts, which depicts the stories of Sakyamuni Buddha before and after birth, this study was focused on the episodes of Dream of Queen Maya (the Buddha’s Conception), Birth of the Buddha Shakyamuni, Infant Buddha taking the Seven Steps, and Infant Buddha Taking a Bath. For a detailed study of the Buddhist art of Gandhara, the stories of the birth of Sakyamini written in Buddhacarita(佛所行讚) by Ashvaghosa(馬鳴) in Kushan Empire, SengGieLuoCha Suo Ji Jing(僧伽羅刹所集經) translated to Chinese by Sanghabhuti(僧伽跋澄) from Kashmir, and Genben shuoyiqieyoubu pinaiye posengshi(根本說一切有部毘奈耶破僧事) by Sarvāstivāda(說一切有 部; one of the early Buddhist schools established around the region of Asoka) were compared and analyzed. Buddhist art in the Gandhara region exhibits the following characteristics compared to art in other regions. Among the Buddhist arts of Gandhara, the characteristics of the episode of Dream of Queen Maya is the appearance of female attendants and guards, one of whom holds a sword, surround Maya (the mother of Gautama Buddha), who is sleeping on a bed with her back visible and dreams of white elephant. In the scene of the Birth of the Buddha Shakyamuni, the Indra, not Four Heavenly Kings, is helping the birth of baby Buddha. Infant Buddha taking the Seven Steps, the position of infant Buddha’s hands depicted differently compare to the arts found at the middle region of India. In the episode of Infant Buddha Taking a Bath, the Brahma and the Indra are bathing the infant Buddha, but not Nagarajas (Dragons).