고려시대 묘역식분묘의 위계와 특징 -남한지역을 중심으로-

Abstract

In this study, tombs with graveyard facilities were classified into graveyard-typed tombs and divided into three stages to understand their changes. In the 1st step before the 12th century, graveyard-typed tombs which had been constructed around Gaegyeong gradually spread to Yanggwang-do, south of Gyeonggi, with small sized graveyard-typed tombs only. In the 2nd step, from the 13th to the middle of the 14th century, tombs began to be built throughout South Korea in earnest and medium sized graveyard-typed tombs appeared. In the 3rd step of the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty. ranging from the late 14th century to the middle of the 15th century, the number of the graveyard-typed tombs recorded the highest and it is possible to see the large sized tombs. The hierarchies in the graveyard-typed tombs were classified based on the similarities in the tombs for royals and officials. The type Ⅰd2·Ⅰe2·Ⅱb2 may be referred to as the higher and the type Ⅱb1·Ⅱc1·Ⅱd1 as the lower types. It is assumed that the buried of the graveyard-typed tombs after the 12th century were those of the upper middle class that could use the compulsory labor. In particular, tombs of the higher hierarchy are regarded to be the ones for the gentry(Sajok) who came from the central government and moved to certain region. Accordingly, formative diversity in the higher hierarchy can be interpreted to be resulted from differences in rank of the gentry and hierarchy of their families. Furthermore, the status of the local officials(Hyangri) began to be lowered after the 12th century and the graveyard-typed tombs for the lower hierarchy may be constructed under the influence of the tombs for the officials. On the other hand, graveyard-typed tombs tended to be located mainly at a big town along the traffic networks such as Yeok-ro and Joun-Ro. Besides, relics from the island areas of Yanggwang-do show that graveyard-typed tombs had the different forms according to construction groups. The study reveals that at Jeolla-Do and Gyeongsang-Do there was a difference in the number of the graveyard-typed tombs due to the influence of Eight Injunctions by Taejo, exploitation of Jeolla-Do and the growth of the emerging gentry at Gyeongsang-Do. Besides. at Tamla there were more higher types than in land under the influence of Yuan. At Gyoju-Do and Donggye, it is not possible to see the graveyard-typed tombs since rough terrains prevented local officials from growing up.