경찰관의 범죄피해 두려움공감도와 경찰활동 선호유형이 지역사회중심경찰활동에 미치는 영향
Effects of Police Empathy and Preference to Policing Styles on COP Activities
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범죄를 통제하는데 중점을 둔 전통적 경찰활동과는 달리, 최근 주목을 받고 있는 지역사회중심경찰활동(community-oriented policing, COP)은 지역주민과의 협력을 통하여 범죄와 관련한 지역사회의 문제를 해결하여 범죄를 예방하는데 중점을 둔다. 지역사회중심경찰활동에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 많은 연구들이존재하고 있지만, 경찰관이 지역사회의 범죄문제에 대해 시민과 얼마나 공감을하는지가 지역사회중심경찰활동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 전혀 진행된 사례가 없다. 본 연구는 한국과 일본의 332명의 경찰관으로부터 수집한 데이터를 분석하여, 경찰관의 공감도와 경찰활동 선호유형이 지역사회중심경찰활동에 미치는영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 경찰관 개인이 갖고 있는 공감능력(소양)은 지역사회중심경찰활동을 증대시키며, 둘째, 세부적으로 감정적 공감은 지역사회중심경찰활동에 직·간접적으로, 인지적 공감은 서비스 유형 경찰활동 선호를 통하여 간접적으로 영향을 미치고 있으며, 셋째, 파수꾼 유형 및 율법주의 유형 경찰활동 선호는 지역사회중심경찰활동에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 분석 결과를 바탕으로 경찰관의 공감능력 향상을 위한 방안을제시하였다.
Abstract
Recently, the heads of the Korean National Police Agency have been emphasizing COP activities for preventing crimes, increasing citizen’s satisfaction, and overall enhancing ‘quality of life.’ A number of studies have investigate what factors influence levels of COP activities and implementation of COP in practice, but none of the previous studies investigate effects of police officers’ empathy with citizen’s fear of crime victimization. To fill the void in the literature, this study was purported to empirically examine the effects of police officers’ empathy with citizen’s fear of crime victimization on officers’ preference to policing style(Wilson, 1968: watchman, legalistic, service styles) and on COP(community-oriented policing) activities. Findings from analyses of 332 police officers from South Korea and Japan showed that, 1) police officers’ empathy with citizen’s fear of crime victimization does increase COP activities, 2) emotional empathy has direct and indirect effects on COP activities through preference to service style policing, and cognitive empathy has indirect effects on COP through preference to service style policing, and 3) officers’ preference to the watchman and legalistic style policing does not influence COP activities. Based on the findings, the current study suggested policy implications for enhancing COP activities.
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