고려시대 나한상 도상 연구－두건 도상을 중심으로－

Abstract

Arhat worship, introduced from China during the time of Late Unifed Silla and the Early Goryeo, was one of the famous worships in the Goryeo Dynasty. People of the Goryeo Dynasty hold arhat ceremony(羅漢齋) to pray for rain and longevity. And the people knew that the Arhat worship was originated from Tendai sect(天台宗). Arhat Statues, under the influence of the statues in China, iwere made into various postures and carved with various ritual objects. During the Goryeo period, an iconography of ‘Arhat with a hood’ was also appeared, which was not found in China during the same period. It seems that the “Arhat with a hood” was influenced by the iconography of Sengjia Dashi(僧伽大師). The iconography of Arhat was derived from Sengjia Dashi under the Tendai sect(天台宗)’s influence. The belief of Sengjia Dashi was prevalent throughout China, and it is recorded that Arhat, Sengjia Dashi, and Zhiyi Dashi(智顗大師) were enshrined together at the Guoching Temple(國淸寺), the home of the Tendai sect in Zhejiang Province(浙江省), China. It seems that Tendai sect valued Guanyin(音信) so they accepted Sengjia Dashi, a incarnation of Guanyin, and enshrined Guanyin and Arhat together because they recognized them as the same statues. The monks of Goryeo, who visited the temple, saw Zhiyi and Senggia wearing hoods. Since the both are divine monks wearing hoods, it is believed that this image could be applied to Arhat, also a divine monk.