Campaign Effects on the Level of State Competitiveness in U.S. Presidential Elections: The Cases of the 2008 and 2012 Elections
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Over the past decade, the competitive levels across U.S. states have shifted. This means that the level of competitiveness measured by the margin of victory is not always consistent. Competitiveness is generally considered an important variable in election studies because of its dynamics. However, the question of why some states are more competitive than others has been understudied. Long-term conditions such as demographic characteristics partially explain the variation of state competitiveness, but these conditions do not substantially vary from one election to the next. Why are some states becoming more competitive, while others are becoming less competitive? We argue that campaign activities influence the dynamics of the level of competitiveness in states. The level of campaign resource allocations across states affects the level of competitiveness, and the results show a strong influence of campaign activities on state competitiveness in the 2008 and 2012 U.S. presidential elections.
Abstract
Over the past decade, the competitive levels across U.S. states have shifted. This means that the level of competitiveness measured by the margin of victory is not always consistent. Competitiveness is generally considered an important variable in election studies because of its dynamics. However, the question of why some states are more competitive than others has been understudied. Long-term conditions such as demographic characteristics partially explain the variation of state competitiveness, but these conditions do not substantially vary from one election to the next. Why are some states becoming more competitive, while others are becoming less competitive? We argue that campaign activities influence the dynamics of the level of competitiveness in states. The level of campaign resource allocations across states affects the level of competitiveness, and the results show a strong influence of campaign activities on state competitiveness in the 2008 and 2012 U.S. presidential elections.
참고문헌 (21)
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