북한 치안체제의 역할과 기능에 관한 연구 (김정은 정부를 중심으로)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the social control system of the Kim Jong-un government by examining the roles and functions of the North Korean Kim Jong-un government's security system. From the inauguration of the Kim Jong-un government in 2012 to 2022, the role and function of national policy, public security policy, and the Ministry of Social Security, which constitute the security apparatus, were analyzed in detail. The outline of the detailed research is as follows: First, in order to analyze the role and function of the security policy in North Korea, theoretical discussions for the analysis of the security system were developed, and the theory of political system analysis and political system approach were introduced. The research analysis framework was constructed through the Narrow-Gauge theory, which emphasizes the distinctiveness of the political system, and the Super Mixed Mode Dictatorship approach. Through this, the study was conducted by dividing the Kim Jong-un government into the 1st power hereditary period, 2nd period of power building, 3rd period of power stabilization, and 4th period of power instability. Second, the ruling ideology and national policy of the Kim Jong-un government were examined. Third, the role and function of the public security system of the Kim Jong-un government were examined. North Korea's Ministry of Social Security is based on protecting Chairman Kim Jong-un and the Workers' Party of North Korea, and monitoring and controlling counterrevolutionary activities that threaten the dictatorship, rather than what is stipulated in the People's Security Control Act. In particular, Chairman Kim Jong-un operates the Defense Security Bureau, the Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Social Security, and Ministry of National Defense as direct agencies, strengthening the one-man rule system. The main role of Ministry of Social Security is, first, the enforced propagation of the ruling ideology, and second, the implementation of intricate social control policies. The primary functions of social safety encompass maintaining public order, engaging in crime prevention activities, identifying and apprehending criminals, conducting sanitary inspections, managing resident registrations, overseeing overseas diplomatic missions, and supervising prison facilities. Notably, it is responsible for conducting extrajudicial house searches, inspecting lodgings, carrying out involuntary examinations, making arrests, and managing detention functions. As for future research tasks, it is necessary to more organically analyze the roles and functions of the Kim Jong-un administration's three major social control agencies, such as the Ministy of Social Security, the Ministry of National Security, and the Defense Security Bureau. This is because these institutions are key pillars supporting the Kim Jong-un Government.