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역동적 능력, 경쟁전략, 기업성과에 관한 연구

A Study on the Relations among Dynamic Capabilities, Competitive Strategies, and Business Performance

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키워드

주제분류무역학

초록

수많은 선행연구에서는 자원기반 관점(RBV: Resource-based View of the Firm)과 역동적 능력(Dynamic Capability) 이론을 이용하여 기업의 자원과 능력이 경쟁우위와 경영성과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 그 인과관계를 밝히고자 지속적인 연구노력을 기울여 왔다. 즉 기업이 보유한 자원과 능력이 기업의 장기적 성장과 경쟁력, 그리고 혁신의 원동력이라는 가정을 실증분석하는데 연구의 초점을 맞추었다. 그러나 기업 자원과 능력이 기업성과에 미치는 효과를 분석하였던 선행연구 대부분은 자원과 능력이 상대적으로 풍부한 대기업만을 주요 분석 대상으로 삼았기에 그 연구결과를 일반화하는데 한계가 있다. 즉 중소벤처기업을 대상으로 기업능력과 경영성과의 관계가 구체적으로 어떻게 나타나는지에 대한 실증연구는 아직 미흡한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 한계점을 극복하고자, 중소벤처기업을 연구대상으로 이들의 능력-경쟁전략-기업성과의 관계를 살펴보고자 한다. 보다 구체적으로, 서로 다른 세 가지 유형의 기업능력(연구개발 능력, 생산 능력, 마케팅 능력)이 기업의 경쟁전략(원가우위 전략, 고부가가치 전략)과 어떠한 관계가 있으며, 또한 이들 경쟁전략이 기업성과 즉 재무적 성과(매출액)와 비재무적 성과(장기적 성장 가능성)에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 생산 능력과 마케팅 능력은 원가우위 전략에 유의적 영향을 미쳤으나, 연구개발 능력은 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 그러나 고부가가치 전략에는 세 능력 모두 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이어서 경쟁전략과 기업성과의 관계를 분석하였는데, 원가우위 전략은 매출액과 성장 가능성 모두와 통계적 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 고부가가치 전략은 매출액과 성장 가능성의 향상에 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 자원기반 관점 이론과 역동적 능력 이론을 토대로 중소벤처기업에 있어 자원-경쟁전략-성과의 관계가 어떻게 이뤄지는 가를 실증적으로 분석하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 가진다.

Abstract

Numerous studies, based on the theoretical lens from both Resource-based View of the firm and Dynamic Capability, have invested extensive research efforts to examine how business resources and capabilities improve competitive advantages and business performance. More specifically, prior literature has focused only on investigating the proposition that the resources and capabilities owned by a firm are the key deriver of long-term growth, competitiveness, and innovation. However, since these works examined mainly large corporation as a unit of empirical analysis, there is an issue of generalizing their findings. To overcome previous limitations, this study attempts to examine the relations among capabilities, strategies, and performance. Particularly, the relations between three different types of capabilities (R&D capabilities, production capabilities, and marketing capabilities) and two distinct competitive strategies such as cost leadership and high value-added strategy were empirically examined via hierarchical regression analysis. Then the links between competitive strategies and business performance in terms of sales revenue and long-term growth potential were also analysed. The results show that both production and marketing ability is positively related to cost leadership strategy, while R&D capability is not. It also suggests that all three different capabilities have a statistically significant effect on high value-added strategies. Further, cost leadership strategy was found to have no statistically significant effect on both sales revenue and growth potential, while high-added value strategy has a positively significant effect on improving business performance. Consequently, this study helps expand our conceptual and practical understandings on the relations among capabilities, competitive strategy, and performance in small and medium-sized venture companies.

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