조선후기 제주사회의 빈곤과 구빈활동

Abstract

According to the natural, cultural, economic, political environment of each society and each periods, poverty have been understood differently its means and nature. Poverty has always had several not entirely separable meanings and is always defined according to the conventions of the society in which it occurs. Poverty in this study describes a category of people unable to maintain themselves at all, or to maintain themselves at the level conventionally regarded as minimal, without outside assistance. The five questions are First, what is the causes of the poverty? Second, how has the poverty policy for the solution of the poverty matters been developing? Third, what is the cognition of the authorities concerned about the causes of poverty? Fourth, what is the cognition of the poor about the solution of the poverty matters? Fifth, what is the interrelations between the causes of the poverty and the poverty policy?The conclusion is First, The causes of the poverty in Jejudo are nature disaster. Second, the poverty policy in Jejudo at Chosun Dynasty Period is famine relieve(賑恤, 救恤, 救荒). Third, to the cognition of the authorities concerned and the poor about the poverty and the priority order for assistance of the poor, the authorities concerned as benefactors and the poor have showed the different views about the poverty policy. Fourth, the task for livelihood assistance in policy-making can hardly contribute to the reduction of the gap between the haves and the have-nots, and the poor have the view that the poverty comes out from the nature disaster. Fifth, the effectiveness in policy-making, that the business for the relief of the poor contributed to the maintenance of the minimum standard of living for the poor.