제주도의 본풀이와 민담의 교섭양상 - 삼두구미본을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Nowadays, we classify tales into three groups, myth, legend and folktale. But no one can affirm the starting of these three things. Some says that myth has been changed into legend or folktale as the divinity of myth disappearing, others say folktale change into myth as the divinity is added to folktale. As you see, it is impossible to state firmly the relationship of these three things. In Jeju island, exorcists narrate and hand down twelve Ilbansin-Bonpuri. But according to the past material recorded, there are myths that are not being narrated nowadays. One of them is Samdugumi-Bonpuri The first part of Samdugumi-Bonpuri is about monster hoping to marry, and the hero of first part is monster. The second part is about the story of a woman on earth who goes to the other world to marry monster, and the hero of second part is the woman. The rough outline is the process of woman’s overcoming hardships. The space of Samdugumi-Bonpuri is mountain, and every event take place in mountain. All of these events have the same divinity of myth of founding of a country. Up the mountain is world of goodness, down the mountain is mundane world while world of evil. There are three characters in main event. Father, monster, and three daughters. And the main event of Samdugumi-Bonpuri is about conflict having to eat man’s leg or not. The last born daughter solves this difficult trouble. We can presume that woman’s solving the most difficult trouble is a coming-of-age ceremony. And in this Samdugumi-Bonpuri, to give woman an ability to overcome hardships in the real world, it shows the victory of a woman fighting with monster symbolizing hardship. Generally, we think that woman can not kill a monster. But, the last born daughter settles the problem using divine objects. These objects are egg, willow, and iron. And these objects are nowadays used in ceremony of shifting a tomb performed after funeral. That is, woman overcomes obstacles by power of incantation. And we can find this power of incantation in tale of oviparity, incantatory property of a willow, heroic property of a smith etc. In Samdugumi-Bonpuri, there are way of purchase marriage, way of exogamy, and way of marriage performed in the society of patrilineage. Besides, way of funeral appeared in Samdugumi-Bonpuri is way of performing funeral two times. And this is similar to that of sky burial of Tibet. I presume that this is because of the influence of Mongolia’s occupying Jeju island. In Korea proper and Jeju island, tales are handed down by way of folktale and myth as above mentioned. These have character of a coming-of-age ceremony of a rite of passage. Especially, a coming-of-age ceremony of woman has property of abundance and rebirth. These properties function promoting friendly relations between ancestor and descendant with inflow of the theory of divination based on topography. It is because descendant thinks that they enjoy abundance of life in real world thanks to ancestors.