추론적 프라이버시와 인공지능 – 새로운 경계선인가?
Inferential Privacy and Artificial Intelligence - a new frontier? -
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인공지능(AI)이 정교해지고 그 사용이 확대됨에 따라 개인에 대한 추론적 데이터의 양이 증가하고 있는데 이들 중 에는 개인의 프라이버시를 침해할 수 있는 데이터도 포함되어 있다. 이러한 추론적 데이터의 생성은 EU의 개인정보보호규정(GDPR) 등에 의한 기존 규제 모델에 도전을 제기한다. 본고에서는 잉글랜드와 웨일즈에 적용되는 프라이버시및 개인정보 보호법과 관련 지침을 중심으로 그 내용을 논의한다. 먼저 추론적 데이터의 생성 방식을 살펴보고, 이러한 데이터가 기존 규제에, 특히 공정하고 적법한 처리 원칙, 투명성 원칙, 프라이버시를 고려한 설계 원칙 및 목적 제한원칙에 어떠한 문제를 제기하는지 논한다. 나아가 프라이버시 침해적인 통찰적 정보가 생성된 경우 잉글랜드와 웨일즈법체계 안에서 활용할 수 있는 권리구제수단을 검토하고, 마지막으로 “추론적 프라이버시” 분야가 법 이론과 실무의관점에서 추가적인 연구가 필요할 만큼 충분히 성숙하였음을 환기한다.
Abstract
The growing use and sophistication of artificial intelligence (AI) permits the generation of increasing volumes of inferential data about individuals, including data that may be privacy invasive. The generation of such data poses challenges to our existing regulatory models, including under EU’s General Data Protection Regulation. This article focuses on privacy and data protection law and associated guidance applicable in England and Wales. It considers how inferential data is generated and describes some relevant regulatory challenges this poses including in relation to the principles of fair and lawful processing, transparency, privacy by design and the purpose limitation. It considers relevant causes of action under the law of England and Wales where intrusive insights are generated and proposes that the field of “inferential privacy” is one that is ripe for further development from an academic and legal perspective.
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