K-WAIS-IV에서 Wechsler와 CHC 구조모델 비교
Comparison between Wechsler and CHC structural models of the K-WAIS-IV
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초록
웩슬러 성인용 지능검사는 초판에서 개정 4판에 이르기까지 임상 장면에서 대표적인 지능검사로 사용되어 왔으며, 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 임상적 유용성이 입증되었다. 그러나 WAIS-Ⅲ에서부터 최신 이론이 검사에 상당히 흡수되기는 했지만 이 검사가 임상적인 목적으로 만들어졌기 때문에 이론적 토대가 부족하다는 지적이 있어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 인지능력의 본질을 가장 잘 설명하고 있는 이론으로 알려져 있는 Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) 이론을 이 검사의 한국판(K-WAIS-IV)의 해석에 적용할 수 있는지 검증하기 위해 Wechsler와 CHC 구조모델을 비교하였다. K-WAIS-IV 규준표본 1228명의 자료로 확인적 요인분석(CFA)을 실시한 결과, 두 모델은 유사점도 많았으나 Wechsler 구조모델보다 CHC 구조모델이 더 좋은 적합도를 보였다. 두 모델 간 두드러지는 차이점은 Wechsler 구조모델의 PRI가 CHC 구조모델에서는 Gf와 Gv 요인으로 분리되며, Wechsler 구조모델에서는 WMI에 해당되는 산수 소검사가 CHC 구조모델에서는 Gf와 Gsm 요인에 모두 포함된다는 점이다. 이 결과는 특히 PRI를 구성하는 소검사들 간 변산성이 클 때 단일한 지수로 활용하기 보다는 Gf와 Gv 요인으로 능력을 나누어 설명하는 것이 더 유용함을 시사한다. CHC 구조모델의 인지능력을 구성하는 소검사 및 해석적 적용은 논의에 제시되어 있다. 본 연구는 국내에서 처음으로 인지능력에 관한 이론과 임상 실제를 연결하고자 한 시도로서 그 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth edition (K-WAIS-IV) is used in clinical practice as a typical intelligence test, and its clinical usefulness has been empirically demonstrated. A theoretical framework regarding the nature of the test has not yet been established in Korea. The aim of this study is to establish a framework for better understanding of the test. Specifically, we compared the Wechsler and the CHC structural models in respect to the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory, the representative psychometric theory to describe the nature of the cognitive abilities. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with data from the K-WAIS-IV normative sample(N=1,228) showed that the CHC structural model fitted the data significantly better than did the Wechsler structural model. The significant difference between the two models appeared in the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) of the Wechsler model, which is separated into Fluid reasoning (Gf) and Visual processing (Gv) in the CHC model. Arithmetics subtest in the Wechsler model is relevant for the WMI, while it is included in both Gf and Gsm factors in the CHC model. These results suggested that separate examination of Gf and Gv, rather than the combined PRI, would be more effective in explaining cognitive abilities. Based on this finding, we argue that clinicians should interpret the test with Gf and Gv, particularly when there is significant variability between the subtests constituting the PRI. We also discussed the interpretation of the subtests composing each of the CHC indices. This study is the first attempt in Korea to provide important insights into how to relate clinical practice with the extant theories of human cognitive ability.
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