팀내 임금격차가 심화되면 팀 성적이 향상되는가?:한국프로야구 데이터 분석을 중심으로
Does Pay Dispersion within a Team Enhance Team Performance?:An Analysis of Korean Professional Baseball Data
0
조회
0
다운로드
13
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
조직내 임금격차가 조직의 성과에 미친 영향은 많이 논의되어 왔다. 임금격차는 한편에서는 높은 근로노력을 추동하는 인센티브가 되지만, 다른 한편에서는 조직의 응집력을 약화시키고 상대적 박탈감을 증가시켜, 결과적으로 낮은 성과를 가져오게 한다. 본 연구에서는 한국프로야구 자료를 사용하여 임금격차가 팀 성적에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 한국프로야구 8개 팀에 대한 1998년부터 2009년까지의 팀 성적과 선수 연봉 자료를 활용하였고, 고정효과 모형(fixed effect model)과 동적패널 모형(dynamic panel model)을 통해 선수들 간의 임금격차가 팀 승률에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 팀 내 임금격차를 대리하는 지수로는 지니계수, 변동계수, 허쉬만-허핀달지수, 조정된 허쉬만-허핀달지수를 사용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 평균임금 수준과 팀 승률은 양(+)의 관계를 보였고, 팀내 임금격차의 크기는 어느 수준까지는 팀 성적과 양(+)의 관계를 보이다가 특정 수준 이후부터는 음(-)의 관계를 나타냈다. 이는 조직내 임금격차의 크기와 조직성과가 역U자형의 비선형 관계를 갖는다는 것으로, 토너먼트 이론과 응집성 이론 모두를 부분적으로만 지지하고 있다.
Abstract
The effects of pay dispersion within an organization on that organization's performance has been an extensively researched topic. While pay dispersion, on the one hand, acts as an incentive to put in more work effort, on the other it can also hurt the organization's cohesiveness and intensifies perceptions of relative deprivation, leading to worse performance. In this paper we use data from Korean professional baseball to analyse the effects of pay dispersion on team performance. We draw performance and pay data from 8 KBO(Korea Baseball Organization) teams over the period ranging from 1998 to 2009, and estimate a fixed effects model and dynamic panel model to study the effect of pay dispersion on team victory rates. We apply various measures of within-team pay dispersion: the Gini index, coefficient of variation, and baseline/adjusted Hirschman-Herfindahl indices. Empirical analysis results show that a team's average pay level is positively related to team performance. Pay dispersion is positively related to performance, but only up to a certain extent. Once pay dispersion exceeds a certain point, it becomes negatively related to performance. This suggests an inverse U-shaped nonlinearity in the relation between pay dispersion and performance, lending only partial support for both tournament theory and cohesiveness theory.
참고문헌 (29)
- 김경묵, "직급간 임금격차 결정요인에 관한 연구:토너먼트이론의 검증", 인사관리연구, 29(2), pp.177~218 (2005)
- 김동배, "연봉 차등폭이 보상수준 만족에 미치는 영향", 노동정책연구, 8(4), pp.29~54 (2008), 한국노동연구원
- Akerlof, G. A., "The Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment", Quarterly Journal of Economics, CV(2), pp.44~49 (1990)
- Arellano, M., "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations", The Review of Economic Studies, 58, pp.277~297 (1991)
- Berri, D. J., "Wage Inequality and Firm Performance : Professional Basketball’s Natural Experiment", Atlantic Economic Journal, 32(2), pp.130~139 (2004)
- Bloom, M., "The Performance Effects of Pay Dispersion on Individuals and Organizations", Academy of Management Journal, 42, pp.25~40 (1999)
- Cowherd, D., "Product Quality and Pay Equity between Lower-level Employees and Top Management", Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(2), pp.302~330 (1992)
- DeBrock, L., "Pay and Performance: The Impact of Salary Distribution on Firm-level Outcomes in Baseball", Journal of Sports Economics, 5(3), pp.243~261 (2004)
- Depken, C. A, "Wage Disparity and Team Productivity : Evidence from Major League Baseball", Economics Letters, (1), pp.87~92 (2000)
- Ehrenberg, R. G, "Do Tournament Have Incentive Effects", Journal of Political Economy, 98(6), pp.1307~1324 (1990)
- Fernie, S, "It's Not What You Pay it's the Way that You Pay it and that's What Gets Results: Jockeys' Pay and Performance", Labour, 13(2), pp.385~411 (1999)
- Franck, E, "The Effect of Wage Dispersion on Team Outcome and the Way Team Outcome is Produced", Applied Economics (2010)
- Frick, B., "Pay Inequalities and Ream Performance. Empirical Evidence from the North American Major Leagues", International Journal of Manpower, 24(4), pp.472~488 (2003)
- Henderson, A. D, "Top Management Team Coordination Needs and the CEO Pay Gap: A Competitive Rest of Economic and Behavior View", Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), pp.96~117 (2001)
- Heyman, F., "Pay Inequality and Firm Performance: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data", Applied Economics, 37(11), pp.1313~1327 (2005)
- Hibbs, D, "Wage Dispersion and Productive Efficiency: Evidence for Sweden", Journal of Labor Economics, 12(4), pp.775~782 (2000)
- Idson, T, "Teammate Effect on Pay", Applied Economics Letters, 11(12), pp.731~733 (2004)
- Jayant, R. K., "Rank-Order Tournaments and Incentive Alignment: The Effect on Firm Performance", The Journal of Finance, 64(3), pp.1479~1512 (2009)
- Jewell, R. T, "Productive Efficiency and Salary Distribution: the Case of US Major League Baseball", Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 51(1), pp.127~142 (2004)
- John Bound, "Problems with Instrumental Variables Estimation When the Correlation between the Instruments and the Endogenous Explanatory Variable is Weak", Journal of the Americans Statistical Association, 90(430), pp.443~450 (1995), Americans Statistical Association
- Lawrence. M. K., "Managerial Quality, Team Success, and Individual Player Performance in Major League Baseball", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 46(3), pp.531~547 (1993)
- Lawrence. M. K., "The Sports Business as a Labor Market Laboratory", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), pp.75~94 (2000)
- Lazear, E, "Rank order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts", Journal of Political Economy, 89(5), pp.841~864 (1981)
- Leonard, J, "Executive Pay and Firm Performance", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43(3), pp.13~29 (1990)
- Levine. D. I., "Cohesiveness, Productivity and Wage Dispersion", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 15(2), pp.237~255 (1991)
- Pokorny, K., "Pay-But do Not Pay Too Much: An Experimental Study on the Impact of Incentives", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 66(2), pp.251~264 (2008)
- Richards, D. G., "Baseball Success and the Structure of Salaries", Applied Economics Letters, 5(5), pp.291~296 (1998)
- San, G., "Wage Dispersion and Team Performance : Evidence from the Small Size Professional Baseball League in Taiwan", Applied Economics Letters, 15(1), pp.883~886 (2008)
- Sommers, P. M., "Work Incentives and Salary Distributions in the National Hockey League", Atlantic Economic Journal, 26(1), pp.119~ (1998)