본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

한국프로농구 기업의 임금수준과 임금격차가 구성원의 생산성과 조직성과에 미치는 영향: 한국프로농구를 중심으로

The Effects of Compensation and Pay Dispersion on Organizational Productivity and Performance: The Case of Korean Professional Basketball Teams

0

조회

0

다운로드

5

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

제한된 자원을 보유한 기업이 내재한 조직역량을 효율적으로 운영하여 성과를 극대화하는 것은 중요한 과제이다. 하지만, 국내 벤처기업 및 이러한 속성을 지닌 기업이 조직 내의 구성원들에게 지급하는 임금이 어떠한 과정을 통하여 조직성과에 영향을 주며, 어떤 상황에서 그 효과가 극대화될 수 있는지에 관한 연구는 찾기 힘든 실정이다. 기존 연구의 한계를 보완하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 임금과 조직 구성원의 생산성이 조직 내 임금격차의 수준에 따라 조직성과에 미치는 영향이 달라질 것이라는 가설을 세우고 실증적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 분석하기 위해 벤처기업과 조직의 구조, 자본 및 인적자원의 규모나 운영방식 등 많은 부분에서 유사한 특징을 지닌 한국프로농구(KBL) 리그에 속한 10개 구단의 9개 시즌(2013~2014시즌 – 2021~2022시즌)의 팀 연봉 및 경기기록과 관련한 자료를 체계적으로 수집하여 실증분석을 시행하였다. 본 연구의 분석을 위해 프로세스 매크로 58번의 조절된 매개효과 모형이 적용되었다. 실증분석 결과, 한국프로농구팀의 (1) 팀 연봉은 구성원의 성과와 정(+)의 관계를 지니고, (2) 임금격차와 구성원의 성과는 U자형의 비선형 관계가 존재한다. 또한, (3) 구성원의 생산성은 한국프로농구팀의 연봉과 조직성과의 정(+)의 관계를 매개하며, (4) 임금격차는 팀 연봉이 조직성과에 미치는 간접효과를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 비교적 객관적으로 조직성과를 측정할 수 있도록 계량화되어 있고 조직 구성원의 생산성과 조직성과가 표준화되어 있어 시계열 데이터로 구축할 수 있는 프로스포츠 데이터를 활용하였다. 벤처기업과 기업 규모의 측면에서 매우 유사한 프로스포츠팀의 임금이 어떤 방식으로 구성원의 생산성과 조직성과에 영향을 미치며 그 효과가 어떻게 극대화될 수 있는지에 대해 실증적으로 분석하여 기존의 논의를 확장하였다는 측면에서 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Compensation and pay dispersion has been rigorously scrutinized to investigate their impacts on productivity and organizational performance. However, it is difficult to find a systematic study on the systematic dynamics of compensation and pay dispersion effects specifically in the context of Korean venture companies. Venture companies should manage their organizational resources efficiently to maximize their organizational performance through pay structure by efficiently managing the inherent resources. However, we acknowledge that empirical studies on how compensation and pay dispersion affect organizational productivity and performance are rare to find in the Korean context. To overcome this supplement limitation, this study hypothesized that (1) pay and members’ productivity are positively related, (2) pay dispersion and organizational productivity have U shaped relationship, and (3) organizational productivity mediates the positive relationship between compensation and organizational performance. Venture companies and professional sports teams share manifold common characteristics such as size, financial circumstances, and operational objectives. We collect 9 seasons (2013~2014 – 2021~2022) of 10 teams’ data of Korean Basketball League teams to test our hypotheses. Methodologically, the assessment of our analysis is rendered with PROCESS macro model 58. The statistical results showed that all hypotheses are statistically supported. This study explains how compensation and pay dispersion affect organizational productivity and performance of venture companies in Korea.

참고문헌 (92)

  1. 김용근, "보상 격차에 대한 연구동향 리뷰 : 개념, 효과, 방법론을 중심으로 향후 연구 제언", 생산성연구: 국제융합학술지, 34(3), pp.255~287 (2020), 한국생산성학회
  2. 김정우, "팀내 임금격차가 심화되면 팀 성적이 향상되는가?:한국프로야구 데이터 분석을 중심으로", 노동정책연구, 11(1), pp.1~23 (2011), 한국노동연구원[DOI]
  3. 남궁봄, "수평적 임금격차가 조직성과에 미치는 상황 요인에 관한 영향에 관한 연구", 대한경영학회지, 31(8), pp.1549~1572 (2018), 대한경영학회[DOI]
  4. 박지성, "임금 격차와 조직 생산성에 있어 토너먼트 구조요인 영향 검증", 대한경영학회지, 30(6), pp.1055~1074 (2017), 대한경영학회[DOI]
  5. 백혜연, "공유리더십의 정성적 측정 도구에 관한 연구: 국내 프로야구 감독의 언론 기사 코퍼스 분석을 중심으로", 리더십연구, 12(1), pp.135~162 (2021), 리더십학회
  6. 안지영, "Top Management Team Horizontal Pay Disparity and Firm's R&D Investments", 대한경영학회지, 24(2), pp.1205~1224 (2011), 대한경영학회
  7. 양동훈, "팀 내 임금격차와 임금위치가 성과에 미치는 영향: 한국프로야구 팀을 중심으로", 노동정책연구, 19(1), pp.93~121 (2019), 한국노동연구원[DOI]
  8. 정태성, "프로스포츠 산업 조직 구성원의 역량에 따른 관리자의 역할: 미국프로농구(NBA)와 한국프로농구(KBL)의 감독과 선수단 전력 수준에 관한 실증연구 분석", 벤처창업연구, 17(6), pp.195~208 (2022), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  9. Akerlof, G. A., "Efficiency wage models of the labor market" (1986), Cambridge University Press
  10. Aoki, K., "‘Japanese human resource management’ in post-bubble Japan", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(18), pp.2551~2572 (2014)
  11. Bae, J., "Managing Korean business: Organization, culture, human resources and change" (2012), Routledge
  12. Baron, R. M., "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, pp.1173~1182 (1986)
  13. Barney, J., "Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage", Journal of Management, 17(1), pp.99~120 (1991)
  14. Becker, B. E., "The Incentive Effects of Tournament Compensation", Administrative Science Quartely, 37(2), pp.336~350 (1992)
  15. Berri, D. J., "Wage inequality and firm performance : Professional basketball's natural experiment", Atlantic Economic Journal, 32, pp.130~139 (2004)
  16. Bloom, M., "The performance effects of pay dispersion on individuals and organizations", Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), pp.25~40 (1999)
  17. Boudrias, J. S., "Empowering employees : The moderating role of perceived organisational climate and justice", Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 2010, pp.42(4), 201~211
  18. Breunig, R., "Wage dispersion and team performance : a theoretical model and evidence from baseball", Applied Economics, 46(3), pp.271~281 (2014)
  19. Brown, M. P., "Compensation policy and organizational performance : The efficiency, operational, and financial implications of pay levels and pay structure", Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), pp.752~762 (2003)
  20. Bucciol, A., "Pay dispersion and performance in teams", PloS One, 9(11), pp.e112631~ (2014)
  21. Byers, T., "Strategic decision-making in small businesses within the leisure industry", Journal of Leisure Research, 33(2), pp.121~136 (2001)
  22. Bykova, A., "Does experience matter? Salary dispersion, coaching, and team performance", Contemporary Economic Policy, 38(1), pp.188~205 (2020)
  23. Casson, M., "The Oxford handbook of entrepreneurship" (2008), Oxford University Press
  24. Chadwick, S., "The use of extension strategies by clubs in the English Football Premier League", Managing Leisure, 3(4), pp.194~203 (1998)
  25. Colquitt, J. A., "Organizational behavior: The state of the science" (2003), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
  26. Conroy, S. A., "A multilevel approach to the effects of pay variation", Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 32, pp.1~64 (2014)
  27. Cropanzano, R., "Social exchange theory : An interdisciplinary review", Journal of Management, 31(6), pp.874~900 (2005)
  28. Cropanzano, R., "Social exchange theory : A critical review with theoretical remedies", Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), pp.479~516 (2017)
  29. Currall, S. C., "Pay satisfaction and organizational outcomes", Personnel Psychology, 58(3), pp.613~640 (2005)
  30. Della Torre, E., "Show me the money! Pay structure and individual performance in golden teams", European Management Review, 11(1), pp.85~100 (2014)
  31. Downes, P. E., "Employee reactions to pay dispersion : A typology of existing research", Human Resource Management Review, 24(1), pp.53~66 (2014)
  32. Eisenberger, R., "Does pay for performance increase or decrease perceived self-determination and intrinsic motivation?", Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(5), pp.1026~1040 (1999)
  33. Fadil, P. A., "Equity or equality? A conceptual examination of the influence of individualism", collectivism on the cross-cultural application of equity theory, 2005, pp.12(4), 17~35
  34. Fang, M., "Does pay for performance diminish intrinsic interest?", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(6), pp.1176~1196 (2012)
  35. Franck, E., "The effect of wage dispersion on team outcome and the way team outcome is produced", Applied Economics, 43(23), pp.3037~3049 (2011)
  36. Frick, B., "Pay inequalities and team performance : Empirical evidence from the North American major leagues", International Journal of Manpower, 24(4), pp.472~488 (2003)
  37. Gardner, T., "When pay for performance works too well : The negative impact of pay dispersion", Academy of Management Perspectives, 13(4), pp.101~103 (1999)
  38. Gasparetto, T., "Wage Dispersion and Team Performance : The Moderation Role of Club Size", Journal of Sports Economics, 23(5), pp.548~566 (2022)
  39. Gerhart, B., "Compensation:Theory, evidence, and strategic implications" (2003), Sage
  40. Gupta, N., "Employee compensation : The neglected area of HRM research", Human Resource Management Review, 24(1), pp.1~4 (2014)
  41. Halevy, N., "When hierarchy wins : Evidence from the national basketball association", Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(4), pp.398~406 (2012)
  42. Hall, S., "Testing causality between team performance and payroll : The cases of Major League Baseball and English soccer", Journal of Sports Economics, 3(2), pp.149~168 (2002)
  43. Hammerschmidt, J., "Sport entrepreneurship : definition and conceptualization", Journal of Small Business Strategy, 32(2), pp.1~10 (2022)
  44. Hayes, A. F., "Beyond Baron and Kenny : Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium", Communication Monographs, 76(4), pp.408~420 (2009)
  45. PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling, "Hayes, A. F.", ~ (2012)
  46. Hayes, A. F., "An index and test of linear moderated mediation", Multivariate behavioral Research, 50(1), pp.1~22 (2015)
  47. Hayes, A. F., "Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation : Quantification, inference, and interpretation", Communication Monographs, 85(1), pp.4~40 (2018)
  48. Henderson, A. D., "Top management team coordination needs and the CEO pay gap : A competitive test of economic and behavioral views", Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), pp.96~117 (2001)
  49. Heneman, R. L., "The relationship between pay-for-performance perceptions and pay satisfaction", Personnel Psychology, 41(4), pp.745~759 (1988)
  50. Hill, A. D., "The performance implications of resource and pay dispersion : The case of Major League Baseball", Strategic Management Journal, 38(9), pp.1935~1947 (2017)
  51. Holcomb, T. R., "Making the most of what you have : Managerial ability as a source of resource value creation", Strategic Management Journal, 30(5), pp.457~485 (2009)
  52. Hundley, G., "National culture and the factors affecting perceptions of pay fairness in Korea and the United States", The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 5(4), pp.325~341 (1997)
  53. Hutchinson, V., "Do SMEs do knowledge management? Or simply manage what they know?", International Small Business Journal, 26(2), pp.131~154 (2008)
  54. Jaskiewicz, P., "Founder versus family owners’ impact on pay dispersion among non-CEO top managers : Implications for firm performance", Journal of Management, 43(5), pp.1524~1552 (2017)
  55. Janssen, O., "Emotional exhaustion and job performance : The moderating roles of distributive justice and positive affect", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(6), pp.787~809 (2010)
  56. Kahane, L., "Personnel Economics in Sports" (2018), Edward Elgar Publishing
  57. Katayama, H., "A game-level analysis of salary dispersion and team performance in the National Basketball Association", Applied Economics, 43(10), pp.1193~1207 (2011)
  58. Kepes, S., "Contingencies in the effects of pay range on organizational effectiveness", Personnel Psychology, 62(3), pp.497~531 (2009)
  59. Khalid, K., "The impact of managerial support on the association between pay satisfaction, continuance and affective commitment, and employee task performance", SAGE Open, 10(1) (2020)
  60. 김대권, "The Impact of Strategic Capabilities on Professional Sport Team Performance: Evidence from the Korean Basketball League 1997-2012", 한국스포츠산업경영학회지, 19(1), pp.61~76 (2014), 한국스포츠산업경영학회
  61. Kim, D. O., "Employment relations and HRM in South Korea" (2017), Taylor & Francis
  62. 김승모, "Pay dispersion and team performance in the National Basketball Association", IJASS(International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences), 32(1), pp.1~14 (2020), 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원[DOI]
  63. Lazear, E. P., "Rank-order tournaments as optimum labor contracts", Journal of Political Economy, 89(5), pp.841~864 (1981)
  64. Lee, E. S., "Best practices and performance-based HR system in Korea", Seoul Journal of Business, 12(1), pp.3~17 (2006)
  65. Luna-Arocas, R., "Talent management and organizational commitment : the partial mediating role of pay satisfaction", Employee Relations : The International Journal, 42(4), pp.863~881 (2020)
  66. Messersmith, J. G., "Pulling in different directions? Exploring the relationship between vertical pay dispersion and high-performance work systems", Human Resource Management, 57(1), pp.127~143 (2018)
  67. Messersmith, J. G., "Unlocking the black box : exploring the link between high-performance work systems and performance", Journal of applied psychology, 96(6), pp.1105~1118 (2011)
  68. Moore, N., "English professional football clubs : Can business parameters of small and medium-sized enterprises be applied?", Sport, Business and Management : An International Journal, 2(3), pp.196~209 (2012)
  69. Mondello, M., "The impact of salary dispersion and performance bonuses in NFL organizations", Management Decision, 47(1), pp.110~123 (2009)
  70. Park, J., "Pay dispersion and organizational performance in Korea : Curvilinearity and the moderating role of congruence with organizational culture", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(9), pp.1291~1308 (2017)
  71. Pfeffer, J., "The effect of wage dispersion on satisfaction, productivity, and working collaboratively : Evidence from college and university faculty", Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(3), pp.382~407 (1993)
  72. Preacher, K. J., "Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses : Theory, methods, and prescriptions", Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), pp.185~227 (2007)
  73. Purnama, C., "Influence analysis of organizational culture organizational commitment job and satisfaction organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) toward improved organizational performance", International Journal of Business, humanities and Technology, 3(5), pp.86~100 (2013)
  74. Ratten, V., "Sport-based entrepreneurship : towards a new theory of entrepreneurship and sport management", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(1), pp.57~69 (2011)
  75. Ratten, V., "New challenges in sport entrepreneurship for value creation", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), pp.961~980 (2020)
  76. Ridge, J. W., "When much more of a difference makes a difference : Social comparison and tournaments in the CEO's top team", Strategic Management Journal, 36(4), pp.618~636 (2015)
  77. San, G., "Wage dispersion and team performance : evidence from the small size professional baseball league in Taiwan", Applied Economics Letters, 15(11), pp.883~886 (2008)
  78. Sarlis, V., "Sports analytics-Evaluation of basketball players and team performance", Information Systems, 93, pp.101562~ (2020)
  79. Shaw, J. D., "Pay dispersion, sorting, and organizational performance", Academy of Management Discoveries, 1(2), pp.165~179 (2015)
  80. Shaw, J. D., "Pay system characteristics and quit patterns of good, average, and poor performers", Personnel Psychology, 60(4), pp.903~928 (2007)
  81. Shaw, J. D., "Pay dispersion and workforce performance : Moderating effects of incentives and interdependence", Strategic Management Journal, 23(6), pp.491~512 (2002)
  82. Shaw, J. D., "Explained pay disperson : A 20-year review of human resource management research and beyond", Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 39, pp.47~69 (2021)
  83. Shenkman, E., "Team vs. individual tournament : An organizer's dilemma", Journal of Economic Behavior &Organization, 198, pp.476~492 (2022)
  84. Sirmon, D. G., "Managing firm resources in dynamic environments to create value : Looking inside the black box", Academy of Management Review, 32(1), pp.273~292 (2007)
  85. Tremblay, M., "The role of organizational justice in pay and employee benefit satisfaction, and its effects on work attitudes", Group &Organization Management, 25(3), pp.269~290 (2000)
  86. Tharenou, P., "A review and critique of research on training and organizational-level outcomes", Human Resource Management Review, 17(3), pp.251~273 (2007)
  87. Trevor, C. O., "A contingent view of reactions to objective pay conditions : Interdependence among pay structure characteristics and pay relative to internal and external referents", Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), pp.1260~1275 (2006)
  88. Tung, R. L., "Korean human resource management in the global context", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(5), pp.905~921 (2013)
  89. Van Eerde, W., "Vroom's expectancy models and work-related criteria : A meta-analysis", Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(5), pp.575~586 (1996)
  90. Vanessa, R., "Sport entrepreneurship : challenges and directions for future research", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 4(1), pp.65~76 (2012)
  91. Wang, T., "Pay dispersion and organizational innovation : The mediation effects of employee participation and voluntary turnover", Human Relations, 68(7), pp.1155~1181 (2015)
  92. Wang, H. J., "Job insecurity and job performance : The moderating role of organizational justice and the mediating role of work engagement", Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), pp.1249~1258 (2015)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (13건)