저기술 중소기업의 혁신전략: 독일과 한국의 사례를 중심으로
Innovation Strategy of Iow-tech Small Sized Firms: Comparative Study on Korean and German Cases
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본 연구는 혁신과 관련된 각종 산업 및 기술정책에서 소홀하게 다루어진 저기술 중소기업의 혁신전략을 탐색하기 위해 기업이 활용하고 있는 내재적 혁신요인과 외부적 환경요인을 검토하고, 저기술 중소기업도 상이한 혁신전략을 통해 성장과 경쟁력을 확보하고 있음을 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이 연구에서는 독일과 한국의 20개 중소기업에 대한 사례연구를 통해 개별 기업이 구사하는 상이한 유형의 혁신전략을 단계적 제품개발형, 고객지향적 판매전략, 공정전문화 유형으로 분류하여 그러한 전략의 성공은 지식기반, 경영능력, 가치사슬과 기업 간 네트워크, 사회적ㆍ제도적 조건과의 결합방식에 달려 있음을 보여주고 있다. 숨은 강자로 잘 알려진 독일과 낮은 생산성에 시달리는 한국의 중소기업의 사례를 비교해 보면, 독일과 한국의 저기술 중소기업은 산업부문과 기술유형에 따라 유사한 혁신전략을 구사하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 독일의 경우 한국보다 사회적ㆍ제도적 조건, 특히 직업훈련과 지역의 배태성 요인이 기업의 혁신전략과 보다 효율적으로 결합하고 있으며, 그것이 바로 중소기업의 혁신과 경쟁력 확보의 중요한 요인이 되고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 이는 향후 고용증대와 산업경쟁력 확보라는 측면에서 중요한 의미를 지니는 국내의 저기술 중소기업의 지원정책에 중요한 시사점을 던져준다.
Abstract
Low-tech small sized firms are neglected for a long time relating to various industrial or science & technology policy of the state. Against that, this article attempts to analyze innovative strategies of low-tech small sized firms, which secure their growth and competitiveness. For this, I try to examine internal factors and external environment factors that successful low-tech small sized firms have a good command. To analyze paths of growth and innovation success, I have adopted case study framework with 20 samples from Germany and Korea. Categorizing innovative strategies of low-tech small sized firms as step-by-step product development type, consumer-oriented marketing strategy type, and process specialization type, we have hereby identified that success of these firms depends on how their innovative strategy is linked with following factors as knowledge base, management capabilities, value chain as well as networking, and social and institutional conditions. Comparing with firms in Germany well-known as hidden champion and Korea suffered from low productivities, we could draw conclusions that low-tech small sized firms in both countries use according to the industrial sectors and technology muster nearly same strategies. However, the German cases shows difference with Korean, while innovative strategies of German firms are linked more effectively with social and institutional conditions, namely vocational training, reginal embeddedness, etc. than Korean. This is nothing less than real prerequisite of success and innovation of German small sized firms.
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